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Interpretation of trust deed for income tax exemption under section 4(3) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. Analysis: The High Court of Allahabad was presented with a question by the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal regarding the exemption of income from properties under a trust deed dated November 14, 1947, under section 4(3) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The trust deed established by Sri Chhadami Lal Jain aimed to create a trust for various institutions, including a boarding house, religious school, and a dispensary. The deed specified that the income from certain properties would fund the trust's activities, and the founder renounced any personal interest in the income. The Tribunal considered various circumstances to determine the intention behind the trust, including registration fees, renunciation by the founder, trust activities, land revenue payments, and past departmental acceptance of the trust. The Tribunal concluded that the trust was intended for the properties themselves, not just their income. The Court analyzed the trust deed and emphasized that it clearly outlined that only the income from the properties was entrusted to the trust. Despite the Tribunal's reliance on additional circumstances, the Court maintained that the deed's language was unambiguous. The Court highlighted that for income tax exemption under section 4(3)(i) of the Act, the property itself must be held under trust, not just its income. The Court rejected the Tribunal's interpretation that the trust encompassed the properties, as the deed solely focused on income. The Court dismissed the argument that principles under section 90 of the Evidence Act should apply, emphasizing the importance of the trust deed's language. Regarding the Tribunal's second reason for exemption under section 4(3)(ii) of the Act, the Court found it valid. The Tribunal had established that the income was applied for charitable purposes and derived from voluntary contributions. The Court clarified that "voluntary" contributions did not require a specific manner of donation, and the trust deed's provision of income for trust expenses qualified as voluntary contributions. The Court disagreed with the revenue's argument that section 4(3)(ii) applied only to multiple contributions, asserting that the trust deed's perpetual income provision constituted voluntary contributions. Consequently, the Court ruled that income from the properties covered by the trust deed was exempt from income tax under section 4(3)(ii) of the Act. The Court awarded costs to the assessee.
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