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Issues:
1. Allowability of provision for payment of bonus as a deduction in the computation of profits and gains for assessment years 1962-63 and 1963-64. Analysis: The High Court of Madras addressed the issue of whether the provision made for payment of bonus by an assessee-company operating a bus transport was an allowable deduction in the computation of profits and gains for the assessment years 1962-63 and 1963-64. The assessee had made provisions for bonus payments of Rs. 1,63,503 and Rs. 1,79,000 for the respective years, which were shown under "liabilities for expenses" in the contingency account. The Income-tax Officer initially disallowed these amounts, considering them as provisions and not ascertained liabilities. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner upheld this decision, but the Tribunal ruled in favor of the assessee, stating that the bonus was a contingent liability regularly calculated based on employee service periods and became an accrued liability upon admission by the employer. In a similar case, the court had previously held that such provisions were prudent actions for possible contingent liabilities but not allowable deductions as accrued and definite liabilities. The court rejected the argument that long-term payment of bonuses implied an admitted liability, emphasizing the absence of a uniform basis for bonus payments in previous years. The court distinguished the current case by noting that the Tribunal had found a specific basis for the bonus calculation, but reiterated that a uniform basis did not imply an agreement amounting to a definite liability. The court further addressed the contention that the provision indicated an admitted liability, emphasizing that the mere inclusion of amounts in accounts did not equate to an admission of liability by the employer. The court clarified that workers could not claim based on accounting entries alone, and the provision was not necessarily for an ascertained liability but rather a provision for a possible contingent liability. The court also rejected the argument that the question referred did not involve an accrued liability, stating that determining whether the provision represented an accrued liability was essential to answering the reference question. Ultimately, the court held that the Tribunal was incorrect in considering the amounts as representing a liability of the assessee, thus disallowing them as deductions. The court allowed the revenue's costs and emphasized that the deduction of such amounts in subsequent years would depend on the assessing authorities' decisions in the relevant assessment proceedings.
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