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Issues Involved:
1. Applicability of the Explanation to Section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Justification of the penalty imposed under Section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Applicability of the Explanation to Section 271(1)(c): The primary issue was whether the Explanation to Section 271(1)(c), as amended by the Finance Act of 1964, applied to the assessment year 1963-64. The Tribunal had held that the amended provisions were not applicable because the law prevailing on the 1st day of April, 1963, should apply to the assessment year 1963-64. The court referred to the principle that "the Income-tax Act, as it stands amended on the first day of April of any financial year, must apply to the assessments of that year" as affirmed by the Supreme Court in Karimtharuai Tea Estate Ltd. v. State of Kerala. However, the court distinguished between assessment proceedings and penalty proceedings, stating that penalty proceedings are quasi-criminal in nature and not part of assessment proceedings. The court concluded that "the law which will apply to penalty proceedings will be the law as it stands on the day on which the default is committed," and since the return was filed after 1st April, 1964, the amended provisions were applicable regardless of the assessment year. The court thus answered the first question in the negative, in favor of the department and against the assessee. 2. Justification of the Penalty Imposed under Section 271(1)(c): The second issue concerned whether the Appellate Tribunal was justified in canceling the penalty imposed under Section 271(1)(c). The Tribunal had canceled the penalty, reasoning that the assessment was based on estimates and no concealment of income was proved independently. The court observed that even under the amended provisions, the assessee might argue that the assessment order is not conclusive proof of the income being the real income. The court referred to the Supreme Court's decision in Commissioner of Income-tax v. Anwar Ali, which stated that an assessment order is not conclusive for penalty purposes. The court noted that the Tribunal had not considered whether the disparity between the income assessed and the income returned was due to fraud or gross or willful neglect on the part of the assessee. The court stated that it could not answer the second question until the Tribunal recorded its findings on this aspect. Therefore, the Tribunal was directed to record the necessary findings on the second question while disposing of the case under Section 260 of the Income-tax Act. Conclusion: The court answered the first question in the negative, in favor of the department and against the assessee, and returned no answer to the second question, which was to be decided by the Tribunal. No order as to costs was made.
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