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Issues Involved:
1. Validity of sections 3(2) and 3(3) of the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944. 2. Whether the fixation of tariff value for liquid chlorine at Rs. 500/- per metric tonne was arbitrary and not in accordance with the guidelines. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Validity of Sections 3(2) and 3(3) of the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944: The petitioners argued that sections 3(2) and 3(3) are ultra vires as they confer unguided discretionary power to the Central Government to fix tariff values. However, the court held that the guidelines are impliedly furnished by the nature of the excise duty under section 3(1) and the valuation principles in section 4. It was noted that excise duty is a tax on the manufacture and production of goods, and the value for duty is determined based on the manufacturing cost and profit, excluding post-manufacturing costs and profits. The court referenced the Supreme Court's interpretation in A.K Roy v. Voltas Ltd. and Atic Industries v. Asstt. Collector, Central Excise, emphasizing that the government must follow these guidelines when fixing tariff values. Consequently, sections 3(2) and 3(3) were not struck down as they did not suffer from excessive delegation. 2. Fixation of Tariff Value for Liquid Chlorine: The petitioners contended that the tariff value of Rs. 500/- per metric tonne for liquid chlorine, as fixed by the notifications, was arbitrary and not based on any guidelines. The court examined the basis for the tariff value, noting that the initial claim by the respondents that it was based on the Tariff Commission's recommendation was abandoned. The revised stand was that the value was based on the weighted average price of all manufacturers, which was Rs. 368/- per metric tonne. However, the court found that the actual prices charged by most manufacturers were significantly lower than Rs. 500/- per metric tonne, with the petitioners' average invoice price ranging from Rs. 103.76 to Rs. 281.84 per metric tonne. The court concluded that the Central Government did not follow the guidelines furnished by sections 3(1) and 4, which require the value to reflect the manufacturing cost and profit. The fixation of Rs. 500/- per metric tonne was not justified even by the weighted average price, and the reasons provided by the government, including administrative convenience, could not override the statutory guidelines. The court cited precedents from Century Spinning and Manufacturing Co. v. Union of India and Subharayan v. The Union of India, reinforcing that the weighted average price is not a valid criterion for tariff value fixation. Thus, the notifications fixing the tariff value at Rs. 500/- per metric tonne were deemed invalid. Judgment: The petition was allowed, and the impugned notifications fixing the tariff value of liquid chlorine were quashed. The excise authorities were directed to assess the excise duty based on the invoice value for the relevant period and refund any excess amount collected. The bank guarantee was discharged, and no order as to costs was made. The security amount was ordered to be refunded to the petitioner.
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