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Challenge to Customs Authorities' action in not allowing clearance of goods described as artificial fur cloth despite duty payment. Analysis: The petitioner challenged the Customs Authorities' decision to withhold clearance for goods described as artificial fur cloth, even after full duty payment. The bill of entry clearly stated the goods as artificial fur cloth, which was assessed and duty paid by the petitioner. However, upon attempting to take delivery, the Assistant Collector of Customs ordered an examination of the goods, halting their release. The petitioner, under Article 226 of the Constitution, argued that the goods were similar to previously imported items, supported by technical opinions from experts. The Deputy Chief Chemist's opinion highlighted that artificial furs are made on a base material with fibers or hairs gummed or sewed, falling outside Chapter 43.02. The Chemical Examiner Grade I also supported this view in a report dated 23rd June, 1984. The petitioner's counsel relied on the definition of "pile fabric" from the Encyclopaedia of Textiles, emphasizing that velvet is a distinct material from artificial fur cloth. In response, the Assistant Collector of Customs contended that the imported goods were velvet, not artificial fur cloth. The Chemical Examiner's report stated the sample was a knitted pile fabric composed of polyester filament yarns. The respondent's counsel argued that velvet and artificial fur cloth are distinct within the pile fabric category. After considering arguments from both sides, the court found that velvet could not be equated with artificial fur cloth. The reports from the Chemical Analysers indicated that artificial filaments are engrafted onto the fabric for a soft appearance, a characteristic not exclusive to artificial fur cloth. While velvet is commercially distinct, it could still fall under the broader category of artificial fur cloth. The court concluded that the petitioner's contention was justified based on consistent application of the test highlighted in expert opinions. The court allowed the petition, directing the authorities to clear the goods subject to certain conditions, including providing a bank guarantee and a detention certificate for the delay in resolution. In conclusion, the court ruled in favor of the petitioner, allowing clearance of the goods described as artificial fur cloth, despite the authorities' initial refusal. The judgment highlighted the importance of expert opinions and consistent application of classification tests in determining the nature of imported goods, emphasizing the need for clarity in trade terms and classifications to avoid disputes.
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