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Issues Involved:
1. Applicability of Section 79 of the Income Tax Act for carry forward and set off of losses. 2. Disallowance of investment allowance. 3. Disallowance of Rs. 5,000 out of mess expenses. 4. Disallowance of Rs. 4,437 being the bank guarantee fees. 5. Disallowance of Rs. 8,211 being interest paid to the G.S.F.C. Term Loan. Issue 1: Applicability of Section 79 of the Income Tax Act for Carry Forward and Set Off of Losses During the assessment proceedings, the Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (Dy. CIT) observed a change in the shareholding of the company and concluded that the assessee's claim for carry forward and set off of losses from the previous year was not tenable under Section 79 of the Income Tax Act. The assessee's representative argued that the provisions of Section 79 should apply because the shares carrying not less than 51% of the voting power were beneficially held by the same persons who held shares on the last day of the year in which the loss was incurred. Additionally, the change in shareholding was not effected with a view to avoid or reduce any tax liability. The Tribunal noted that the assessee-company is not a company in which the public is substantially interested and that the assessee had suffered losses in the previous year. The Tribunal observed that the change in shareholding did not exceed 51% and was due to the demise of the managing director, R.L. Valera, which resulted in the withdrawal of his family members from the company. The Tribunal also noted that the new shareholders held less than 40% of the shares, and the voting power of more than 50% remained with those who were shareholders on the last day of the previous year. The Tribunal held that the assessee's claim for carry forward and set off of losses is allowed, as the change in shareholding was not effected to avoid or reduce tax liability, and the voting power of more than 50% remained with the same persons. Issue 2: Disallowance of Investment Allowance The Assessing Officer (AO) disallowed the assessee's claim for unabsorbed investment allowance because the assessee failed to debit the Profit & Loss (P&L) account and credit the investment allowance reserve account. The CIT(A) upheld this disallowance based on the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Shri Shubhlaxmi Mills Ltd. vs. Addl. CIT. The Tribunal noted that an amendment in Section 32A(4)(ii) by the Finance Act, 1990, with retrospective effect from 1st April 1976, superseded the Supreme Court's decision. The amendment made it clear that the creation of an investment allowance reserve is not mandatory in a year of loss. Consequently, the Tribunal allowed the assessee's claim for investment allowance under Section 32A of the Act. Issue 3: Disallowance of Rs. 5,000 out of Mess Expenses The AO disallowed Rs. 5,000 out of the mess expenses based on the tax audit report, and the CIT(A) confirmed this disallowance. The Tribunal found no material to differ from the findings of the authorities below and upheld the disallowance of Rs. 5,000 as justified. Issue 4: Disallowance of Rs. 4,437 Being the Bank Guarantee Fees The AO disallowed Rs. 4,437 debited to the P&L account as bank guarantee fees, noting that this amount relates to earlier years. The CIT(A) confirmed this disallowance. The Tribunal, however, noted that the liability was crystallized during the year in question and should have been allowed. Therefore, the Tribunal allowed this amount as claimed by the assessee. Issue 5: Disallowance of Rs. 8,211 Being Interest Paid to the G.S.F.C. Term Loan The AO disallowed Rs. 8,211 being interest paid to the G.S.F.C. Term Loan, stating that the liability should have been claimed in the year of accrual. The Tribunal upheld the disallowance, agreeing with the authorities below that the assessee, maintaining accounts on a mercantile basis, should have claimed the liability in the year of accrual. Conclusion: The appeal of the assessee is partly allowed. The Tribunal allowed the claims related to the carry forward and set off of losses, investment allowance, and bank guarantee fees, while upholding the disallowances related to mess expenses and interest paid to the G.S.F.C. Term Loan.
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