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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the assessee is an Industrial Company entitled to a concessional tax rate. 2. Disallowance of service charges under Section 80VV for Assessment Year 1981-82. Issue 1: Whether the assessee is an Industrial Company entitled to a concessional tax rate. The appeals pertain to the same assessee for the assessment years 1979-80 to 1982-83. The primary issue is whether the assessee qualifies as an "Industrial Company" eligible for a concessional tax rate. The assessee claimed this status based on its activities, which included the production of design and art works, print materials, audio-visual advertising films, commercial productions for radio and TV, and erection of holdings for domestic work. The assessee argued that these activities involved manufacturing or processing of goods as defined under Section 2(7)(c) of the Finance Act, 1979. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) rejected this claim, stating that the activities were primarily service-oriented and did not involve sufficient transformation to qualify as manufacturing. The ITO's interpretation relied on the definition of "manufacture" and "processing" from various dictionaries and legal precedents, emphasizing that the activities did not result in a new product with a distinct name, character, or use. Upon appeal, the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT (A)] considered detailed arguments and evidence from the assessee, including the company's Memorandum of Association, dictionary definitions, and relevant case law. The CIT (A) concluded that the assessee's activities did result in an end product and that the definition of "industrial company" in the Finance Act should be interpreted broadly. The CIT (A) relied on various judicial precedents and CBDT circulars, which supported the view that activities like printing and publishing, even when outsourced, could qualify as manufacturing. The Departmental Representative (DR) argued that the assessee had been treated as a "Service Company" in previous years and that the CIT (A) had misinterpreted the facts and applicable laws. The assessee's counsel countered that the previous treatment did not preclude the current claim and that the company's activities met the criteria for an "Industrial Company." The Tribunal upheld the CIT (A)'s decision, agreeing that the assessee's activities involved manufacturing or processing. The Tribunal noted that the assessee's business included significant elements of transformation and that the end products were distinct from the raw materials used. The Tribunal also considered the company's assets, billing system, and supervision of outsourced work as further evidence of its manufacturing activities. Issue 2: Disallowance of service charges under Section 80VV for Assessment Year 1981-82. The second issue pertains to the disallowance of service charges amounting to Rs. 12,886 paid to Business Executives Organisation Pvt. Ltd. for the assessment year 1981-82. The ITO disallowed this amount, categorizing it as expenses covered under Section 80VV, which limits deductions for expenses incurred in connection with income tax proceedings. The CIT (A) allowed the claim, noting that similar payments had been allowed in previous and subsequent years without disallowance. The CIT (A) found that the service charges were for secretarial, taxation, accounting, and banking services, not for representation before income tax authorities, and thus did not fall under Section 80VV. The Tribunal agreed with the CIT (A), emphasizing that the payments were not for representation before tax authorities and that there was no distinguishing feature in the assessment year 1981-82 compared to other years where the claim was allowed. The Tribunal confirmed the CIT (A)'s order allowing the service charges. Conclusion: The Tribunal dismissed the appeals, upholding the CIT (A)'s decisions on both issues. The assessee was deemed an "Industrial Company" entitled to a concessional tax rate, and the service charges for the assessment year 1981-82 were allowed in full.
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