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Dispute over disallowance of weighted deduction under section 35B of the Income-tax Act, 1961 on commission paid by the assessee. Detailed Analysis: 1. Disallowance of Weighted Deduction: The case revolved around the disallowance of weighted deduction under section 35B of the Income-tax Act, 1961 on a commission paid by the assessee. The assessee, a manufacturer and exporter of hand-knotted carpets, entered into an agency agreement with a German firm for the promotion of its exports in Europe. The commission paid by the assessee based on the FOB invoice value of orders procured by the agent was claimed as a deduction under section 35B, which was initially allowed by the ITO. However, other disallowances were made by the ITO, leading to an appeal by the assessee to the Commissioner (Appeals). 2. Interpretation of Section 35B: The Commissioner (Appeals) questioned the entitlement of the assessee to relief under section 35B, specifically under section 35B(1)(b)(iv), which pertains to maintenance outside India of an agency for promoting sales. The Commissioner contended that the assessee did not maintain an agency outside India as it only paid a fixed commission on orders booked and shipped, without additional reimbursement obligations. Consequently, the Commissioner disallowed the deduction, leading to an enhancement of the income by the disallowed amount. 3. Legal Arguments and Interpretation: In the subsequent appeal before the tribunal, the assessee's counsel argued that the Commissioner misunderstood the legal provisions. The counsel contended that the agency agreement with the German firm constituted maintenance of an agency outside India, as per the provisions of section 35B(1)(b)(iv). The counsel highlighted legal definitions of agency and maintenance, emphasizing that the relationship between the assessee and the German firm constituted an agency, and the payment made by the assessee was for the maintenance of this agency, entitling them to the deduction under section 35B. 4. Tribunal's Decision: The tribunal agreed with the assessee's arguments, emphasizing that 'agency' in the context of the provision referred to the relationship between principal and agent as defined in the Indian Contract Act. It concluded that the assessee had maintained an agency outside India by continuing the relationship with the German firm, which was sufficient to qualify for the deduction under section 35B. The tribunal held that the payment made by the assessee for the commission constituted expenditure on the maintenance of the agency, entitling them to the relief under section 35B. 5. Conclusion: The tribunal allowed the appeal partially, upholding the assessee's entitlement to relief under section 35B on the commission paid for maintaining the agency. The tribunal rejected the department's contention regarding the value of samples for relief under section 35B. The decision clarified the interpretation of 'maintenance of an agency' under the provision and affirmed the assessee's eligibility for the deduction based on the expenditure incurred for maintaining the agency relationship with the German firm.
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