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Issues:
1. Taxability of notional interest income on advances made by the assessee to related parties in the money-lending business. Analysis: The judgment revolves around the taxability of notional interest income on advances made by the assessee, who is a money-lender, to related parties. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) estimated interest income on the advances made by the assessee to her father-in-law and a partnership firm in which her husband and father-in-law were partners. The ITO contended that since the assessee maintained her accounts on a mercantile system, interest had accrued to her on these advances, resulting in an addition of Rs. 12,000 in each of the assessment years. The Appellate Tribunal was tasked with determining the taxability of this notional interest income. The Tribunal, citing legal precedents, emphasized that the assessee cannot be taxed on income that did not actually accrue to her. Referring to the Supreme Court case of CIT v. A. Raman & Co., it was highlighted that income taxable in the hands of a trader is the income that has actually accrued, not hypothetical income that could have been earned. The Tribunal also relied on the Madras High Court decision in CIT v. Motor Credit Co. (P.) Ltd., which emphasized that the real income must materialize for it to be taxable, irrespective of the accounting system followed by the assessee. Furthermore, the Tribunal drew parallels with a previous Supreme Court case involving a dealer in silver and shares, where it was held that no income arose from transactions that did not result in immediate pecuniary gain. The essence of the judgment was that the substance of the transaction should be considered for tax purposes, rather than its form. Applying these principles, the Tribunal concluded that no income had accrued to the assessee as interest on the advances made to related parties, and thus, no tax liability existed for the notional interest income. In light of the legal principles and precedents discussed, the Tribunal allowed the appeals filed by the assessee and deleted the additions of Rs. 12,000 in each assessment year. The judgment underscores the importance of real income realization for taxability, rejecting the imposition of tax on hypothetical or notional income that did not materialize, even if accounted for under the mercantile system.
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