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Issues:
1. Computation of "capital and reserves" for the purpose of determination of the standard deduction allowable under the Companies (Profits) Surtax Act, 1964. Detailed Analysis: The judgment involved two surtax appeals consolidated due to a common issue of computing "capital and reserves" for determining the standard deduction. The assessee, engaged in manufacturing iron and steel products, settled with the CIT after a search, offering excess amounts claimed towards burning loss for taxation. The assessee contended that these amounts, representing undisclosed assets found during the search, should be treated as "reserve and surplus" for capital base computation. However, the Assessing Officer did not accept this claim without discussion. The CIT(A) found that the surrendered income was not reflected in the books or balance sheets for the relevant years, being claimed as expenditure. Relying on precedents, including the Mysore High Court and Supreme Court decisions, the CIT(A) rejected the claim, stating the conditions for inclusion of amounts within "reserve" were not met. The CIT(A) concluded that the assessee's contention lacked merit and rejected the claim. During the representation before the ITAT, the assessee argued that the undisclosed profits should be included in reserves based on the balance sheet showing transfer of net profits to general reserve. Citing various court decisions, the assessee contended that even secret profits outside books should be considered as reserves. The ITAT considered arguments from both sides and adjourned the proceedings for further submissions. Upon review, the ITAT found no evidence that the undisclosed income was retained in the business, emphasizing the onus on the assessee to prove retention and utilization in the business. The ITAT referenced the Supreme Court decision regarding conversion of undistributed profits into reserves, highlighting the lack of authorization by the company directors to treat secret profits as reserves. The ITAT concluded that the arguments presented by the assessee were insufficient, and the undisclosed profits outside the books could not be considered part of the company's reserves for surtax computation. Consequently, the ITAT upheld the CIT(A)'s decision to dismiss the assessee's claim. In conclusion, the appeals filed by the assessee were dismissed by the ITAT based on the failure to establish that the undisclosed profits were retained in the business and the lack of authorization to treat them as reserves, as per relevant legal precedents.
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