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Issues:
1. Entitlement to investment allowance for plant and machinery. 2. Interpretation of the term "varnish" under the Eleventh Schedule of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: 1. The primary issue in this case is whether the assessee is entitled to the investment allowance for plant and machinery installed during the accounting year. The dispute arose as the Income Tax Officer (ITO) and the Commissioner (Appeals) contended that the assessee, engaged in manufacturing enamels and varnishes, was ineligible for the investment allowance. The crux of the matter was the interpretation of the Eleventh Schedule of the Act, particularly item 26 which included "enamels, varnishes, etc." The Commissioner (Appeals) held that the term varnish should be understood in its common meaning and denied the claim of the assessee. 2. The interpretation of the term "varnish" under the Eleventh Schedule was crucial in determining the eligibility for investment allowance. The assessee argued that their product, although termed as varnish, was actually an insulation chemical used in electrical apparatus, not for decoration or protection as typically associated with varnishes. The Tribunal analyzed the context of the Eleventh Schedule introduced to disallow investment allowance for luxury items, emphasizing that varnish should be understood in conjunction with other items in item 26 like pigments, colours, and paints, all used for decoration or protection. 3. Applying the principle of noscitur a sociis, the Tribunal restricted the meaning of varnish to types analogous to pigments, colours, and paints, which are primarily decorative. The Tribunal highlighted that the varnish manufactured by the assessee served a unique purpose in increasing the efficiency of electrical coils, unlike traditional varnishes used for decoration. The product's use in enhancing conductivity and electromagnetic field efficiency distinguished it from common varnishes, leading to the conclusion that it did not fall under the Eleventh Schedule's definition of varnish. 4. The Tribunal further rejected the department's argument that the preparation method of the varnish was similar to traditional varnishes, emphasizing that the unique purpose and specialized use of the assessee's product differentiated it significantly. The product's exclusive application in electrical goods and its specific properties for enhancing coil efficiency supported the Tribunal's decision to allow the investment allowance, as the product did not align with the common understanding of varnish as per the Eleventh Schedule. 5. Ultimately, the Tribunal held that the product manufactured by the assessee, despite being termed as varnish, did not meet the criteria of varnish as intended under the Eleventh Schedule. The specialized use, unique properties, and distinct purpose of the product in enhancing electrical components justified the allowance of investment allowance for the plant and machinery installed, contrary to the department's contention.
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