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Entitlement to investment allowance for plant and machinery installed during the accounting year. Analysis: The main issue in this case was whether the assessee was entitled to the investment allowance for the plant and machinery installed during the accounting year. The assessee had installed plant and machinery, factory equipment, and electrical installation, with a claimed investment allowance of Rs. 8,17,436. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) denied the allowance, stating that manufacturing enamels and varnishes, falling under the Eleventh Schedule of the Income-tax Act, made the assessee ineligible. The Commissioner (Appeals) upheld this decision, interpreting varnish in a common man's understanding. However, the assessee argued that they manufactured insulation chemicals, not traditional varnishes, used in electrical apparatus. The Tribunal considered the purpose of the items in the Eleventh Schedule and the common understanding of varnish, ultimately ruling in favor of the assessee's eligibility for the investment allowance. The Tribunal analyzed the Eleventh Schedule introduced in the Income-tax Act, listing luxury items for which investment allowance should not be granted. The items in the schedule focused on maintaining a higher standard of living, such as alcohol, spirits, tobacco, cosmetics, and toilet preparations. The Tribunal emphasized that varnish should be interpreted in conjunction with other items in the schedule, restricting its meaning to decorative or protective varnishes. They applied the principle of noscitur a sociis, where words with analogous meanings are interpreted together. The Tribunal held that the varnish produced by the assessee, used for electrical insulation to increase efficiency and conductivity, did not align with traditional decorative varnishes, making the assessee eligible for the investment allowance. The Tribunal rejected the department's argument that the varnish's industrial use was irrelevant compared to its preparation method. They emphasized the specific purpose and unique characteristics of the varnish produced by the assessee, tailored for electrical appliances. Referring to a previous High Court decision, the Tribunal highlighted the importance of the varnish's intended use in defining it as a varnish. Considering the purpose for which the product was manufactured and its specialized application in electrical goods, the Tribunal concluded that the product did not fall under the traditional varnish category, entitling the assessee to the investment allowance.
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