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Issues Involved:
1. Applicability of Section 144B to pending assessment proceedings. 2. Nature of Section 144B as procedural or substantive law. 3. Impact of Section 144B on vested rights and jurisdiction. 4. Extension of time-limit for assessments under Section 153. 5. Validity of assessment orders and procedural defects under Section 144B. 6. Bar of limitation on assessments. 7. Directions issued under Section 144A. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Applicability of Section 144B to Pending Assessment Proceedings: The core issue was whether Section 144B, introduced in the Income Tax Act, 1961 effective from 1-1-1976, applied to all pending assessment proceedings or only to those from the assessment year 1976-77 onwards. The assessee argued that Section 144B should not apply to the assessment year 1974-75, as it was a substantive law affecting jurisdiction and vested rights. The department contended that Section 144B, being procedural, applied to all pending proceedings as of 1-1-1976. 2. Nature of Section 144B as Procedural or Substantive Law: The Tribunal examined whether Section 144B was procedural or substantive. The assessee's counsel, Shri Vyas, argued that Section 144B was substantive because it interfered with the jurisdiction of the Income Tax Officer (ITO), affected vested rights, and extended the time-limit for completing assessments. He cited various legal authorities to support his claim. However, the Tribunal concluded that Section 144B was procedural, as it governed the process of litigation and the forum for proceedings, which are aspects of procedural law. 3. Impact of Section 144B on Vested Rights and Jurisdiction: The Tribunal rejected the argument that Section 144B affected vested rights. It held that changes in the forum or procedure do not affect vested rights. The Tribunal cited several legal precedents to support its view, including the Supreme Court's decision in Union of India v. Sukumar Pyne, which held that procedural changes could apply to pending matters. The Tribunal also noted that the right of appeal and revision were not affected by Section 144B itself but by subsequent amendments to Section 246. 4. Extension of Time-limit for Assessments under Section 153: The Tribunal addressed the issue of whether the extension of the time-limit for assessments under Section 153, read with Section 144B, was procedural or substantive. It concluded that time-limits for completing assessments are procedural, as they are fetters on the government's power to assess. The Tribunal cited several judicial decisions to support this view, including the Supreme Court's ruling in S. S. Gadgil v. Lal & Co. 5. Validity of Assessment Orders and Procedural Defects under Section 144B: The Tribunal considered whether procedural defects in invoking Section 144B rendered assessment orders invalid. It referred to the Madhya Pradesh High Court's decision in Banarsi Das Bhanot & Sons, which held that procedural defects in Section 144B proceedings did not make the assessment a nullity. The Tribunal concluded that Section 144B was procedural and applied to pending assessments, and any procedural defects were curable. 6. Bar of Limitation on Assessments: The Tribunal addressed the issue of whether the assessment was barred by limitation. It found that the assessment was completed within one year of filing the second revised return, as allowed under Section 153(1)(c). Therefore, the assessment order was not barred by limitation. 7. Directions Issued under Section 144A: The Tribunal considered the assessee's objection to directions issued under Section 144A by the Inspecting Assistant Commissioner (IAC). It noted that the departmental appeal on this issue had been resolved in favor of the assessee, and the question was not pressed further. Conclusion: The Tribunal held that Section 144B was procedural and applied to the assessee's regular assessment for the year 1974-75 pending before the ITO on 1-1-1976. The cross-objection was dismissed, and the assessment was found to be within the time-limit and procedurally valid.
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