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Issues:
Whether certain building put up by the assessee has to be treated as a plant for the purpose of investment allowance under section 32A of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Detailed Analysis: 1. The assessee, a public limited company engaged in the manufacture of ayurvedic tonics, put up a unit at Bangalore designed for mechanization and modernization of operations to produce Asawarishtas. The structure involved various levels of processing, starting from the fifth level or the top level down to the ground level. The structure was designed similar to a chemical plant, utilizing gravitational flow for conveying products. The top structure was a water tank, and the lower levels consisted of extraction vats, fermentation rooms, and vat halls. 2. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) initially denied the investment allowance under section 32A, considering the structure as a building eligible for depreciation at 2.5%. The Commissioner (Appeals) upheld this decision, categorizing the structure as a factory building without qualifying as a plant. The assessee appealed further, arguing that the structure served a part of the manufacturing process and should be treated as a plant, citing the design modifications and functional aspects of the various levels. 3. The Appellate Tribunal considered the structure's classification as a building or a plant, applying tests from previous judgments. The top level, functioning as a water tank, was deemed an apparatus and treated as a plant. Similarly, the extraction vats and fermentation rooms on lower levels were recognized as integral parts of the manufacturing process and classified as plants based on precedents from English cases. 4. The Tribunal concluded that the structure's lower levels, involved in the manufacturing process, qualified as plants eligible for investment allowance and depreciation at 10%. However, the ground level activities such as bottle washing and filling were considered a setting for business operations and not part of the plant. Consequently, a portion of the total expenditure was deemed ineligible for plant classification, while the remaining expenses were eligible for investment allowance and depreciation benefits. 5. The Tribunal partially allowed the appeal, recognizing the structure's various levels as plants except for the ground level activities. The decision highlighted the functional significance of each level in the manufacturing process to determine their classification as either a building or a plant, ensuring the assessee's entitlement to investment allowance on eligible expenditures.
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