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Assessment of income in the hands of legal heirs under section 168 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: The case involved appeals by the assessee for the assessment years 1980-81 and 1981-82. The deceased, a film producer, died intestate, leaving behind his widow, minor children, and mother. The widow obtained letters of administration from the Bombay High Court for the deceased's estate. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) assessed the widow in her capacity as the administrator of the estate, leading to appeals contending that the income should have been assessed in the hands of the legal heirs. The primary issue was the application of section 168 of the Income-tax Act, which deals with assessment against executors or administrators receiving income from the deceased's estate. The Commissioner (Appeals) upheld the assessments against the widow, leading to further appeals. The main contention raised was whether the widow, as an administrator, falls under the purview of section 168. The appellant argued that the income should have been directly assessed to the heirs based on their share of interest, citing relevant case law. The departmental representative argued that the widow, having obtained letters of administration, was administering the estate and thus subject to section 168. The Tribunal considered the judgments of various High Courts to determine the applicability of section 168 in the present case. The Tribunal analyzed the provisions of section 168 in comparison with the Wealth-tax Act, 1957, and relevant case law to interpret the term "executor" or "administrator." The judgments highlighted that section 168 applies to cases of testamentary succession, where the deceased has left a will appointing an executor or administrator. The Tribunal distinguished cases where the deceased died intestate, emphasizing that section 168 does not apply in such instances. The Tribunal also considered the implications of sub-section (4) of section 168 in relation to legatees and the distribution of income from the estate. Based on the analysis, the Tribunal concluded that section 168 did not apply to the present case as the deceased had died intestate, and the property had immediately vested in the legal heirs. The widow, as the administrator, was not administering the estate in the context of section 168, as her role was limited to discharging debts. The Tribunal relied on precedents to determine that the assessments against the widow in her representative capacity were invalid. The appeals were allowed, and the assessments were set aside. In conclusion, the Tribunal's decision focused on the interpretation of section 168 in cases of intestate succession, emphasizing the distinction between cases of testamentary and intestate succession in determining the applicability of the provision. The judgment provided a detailed analysis of the legal principles and precedents to support the decision to set aside the assessments made against the widow as the administrator of the deceased's estate.
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