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Issues Involved:
1. Adjustment to book profit under section 115J. 2. Bona fide nature of the change in the method of charging depreciation. 3. Calculation and set-off of losses and depreciation against profits. Detailed Analysis: 1. Adjustment to Book Profit Under Section 115J: The primary issue concerns the adjustment made by the Assessing Officer (AO) to the book profit under section 115J of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The AO adjusted the book profit by adding a sum of Rs. 641.44 lakhs, representing differential depreciation due to a retrospective change in the method of charging depreciation from the Straight Line Method (SLM) to the Written Down Value (WDV) method. The AO contended that this adjustment was necessary as the change in the method of depreciation was not bona fide and was designed to avoid lawful payment of tax. The assessee argued that the profits shown in the Profit & Loss (P&L) account prepared according to Parts II & III of Schedule VI of the Companies Act are sacrosanct and can only be adjusted if any clause of the explanation to section 115J is attracted. The assessee further contended that the arrears of depreciation provided under the WDV method are in accordance with the Companies Act and do not fall under any clauses of the explanation to section 115J, hence the AO had no authority to adjust the book profits. 2. Bona Fide Nature of the Change in the Method of Charging Depreciation: The AO and the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)] both concluded that the change in the method of charging depreciation was not bona fide but a design to avoid tax. This conclusion was based on the observation that the company reverted to the old method of providing depreciation in the assessment year 1991-92 when the provisions of section 115J were deleted. The assessee, however, provided various justifications, including the recommendations of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and the technical and financial evaluations by the company's personnel, to support the bona fide nature of the change. The assessee argued that the change was made to result in a more appropriate preparation and presentation of financial statements, considering the obsolescence of the plant and machinery and the need for substantial replacement costs. 3. Calculation and Set-off of Losses and Depreciation Against Profits: The AO allowed a set-off of Rs. 585.83 lakhs against the book profits, while the assessee claimed a set-off of Rs. 613.56 lakhs. The difference arose from the interpretation of the term "loss" in clause (iv) of the explanation to section 115J. The AO interpreted "loss" as exclusive of depreciation, representing pure cash loss, while the assessee argued that "loss" includes depreciation. The Supreme Court's judgment in the case of Garden Silk Wvg. Factory was cited, which held that "depreciation" emanates from the genus described as "loss," arising only after debiting the P&L account with the amount of depreciation. The Tribunal concluded that the loss should include the element of depreciation, and therefore, the correct amount of adjustment required to be made in terms of clause (iv) works out to Rs. 613.56 lakhs, as claimed by the assessee. Conclusion: The Tribunal held that the change in the method of charging depreciation was bona fide and in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act and the guidance of the ICAI. The arrears of depreciation provided by the assessee were legitimate and could not be excluded while calculating the book profit under section 115J. The Tribunal also accepted the assessee's interpretation of "loss" to include depreciation, thereby allowing the set-off of Rs. 613.56 lakhs against the book profits. The Tribunal's decision was based on a thorough examination of the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, the Income-tax Act, and various judicial precedents.
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