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Issues:
1. Deduction of excise duty provision in the assessment year 1982-83. 2. Rejection of deduction claim by lower authorities based on the stay order by the High Court. 3. Contention regarding the enforceable legal liability for excise duty provision. 4. Applicability of mercantile system of accounting for claiming deduction. 5. Impact of interim stay order by the High Court on the liability. Detailed Analysis: 1. The appeal pertains to the deduction claim of an excise duty provision made by the assessee for the assessment year 1982-83. The assessee had initially charged the profit and loss account with an amount of Rs. 26,92,480 on account of excise duty, and an additional sum of Rs. 4,92,621 was shown as excise duty payable in the sundry creditor's account. The primary issue revolves around the allowance of this deduction. 2. The lower authorities rejected the deduction claim citing the stay order issued by the High Court on the review proceedings initiated by the Government regarding the excise duty classification. The contention was that since the order was stayed, there was no existing liability for the claimed amount, deeming it a contingent liability not eligible for deduction. The assessee challenged this reasoning, leading to the appeal. 3. The Tribunal considered various legal precedents and principles related to excise duty liabilities and the applicability of the mercantile system of accounting. It highlighted that an assessee incurs an enforceable legal liability for excise duty upon receiving a demand for payment, irrespective of any ongoing challenges or appeals against the liability. The Tribunal emphasized that the liability arises upon manufacturing goods, not upon sale, allowing for deduction under the mercantile system. 4. The Tribunal analyzed the impact of the interim stay order granted by the High Court on the excise duty liability. It noted that the stay order did not nullify the liability but merely postponed the payment date pending final resolution. Considering the debatable nature of the excise duty rate and the legal principles governing such liabilities, the Tribunal concluded that the provision made by the assessee for the enhanced excise duty rate was a real liability under the mercantile system, warranting deduction under Section 37(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 5. Ultimately, the Tribunal allowed the appeal, setting aside the orders of the lower authorities and directing the Income Tax Officer to verify the liability and allow the deduction of the claimed amount representing the excise duty provision. The decision underscored that obtaining an interim stay order from the High Court did not preclude the assessee from claiming the deduction, as the liability was deemed real and allowable under the prevailing legal framework.
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