2004 (7) TMI 306 - AT - Income Tax

Issues Involved:
1. Enhanced Deduction under Section 80-IA of the IT Act, 1961.
2. Setting off of losses of other units against the profits of the entitled industrial undertaking.
3. Adequate appreciation of judicial precedents by the CIT(A).

Detailed Analysis:

1. Enhanced Deduction under Section 80-IA of the IT Act, 1961:
The Revenue contended that the CIT(A) erred in allowing an enhanced deduction under Section 80-IA at Rs. 47,59,806, whereas the AO restricted it to Rs. 22,33,156. The assessee claimed Rs. 47,59,806, being 30% of Rs. 1,58,66,020, which represented the income of the new CV Cable Unit. The AO argued that the deduction should be allowed only on the net income from the new industrial undertaking included in the gross total income, not on the gross income, citing Section 80AB and Section 80A(2).

The CIT(A) disagreed, stating that the deduction under Section 80-IA should be computed on the profit of the eligible industrial undertaking, which in this case was Rs. 1,58,66,020, leading to a deduction of Rs. 47,59,806. The CIT(A) emphasized that the deduction could not exceed the gross total income but should be based on the profits of the eligible unit.

2. Setting off of losses of other units against the profits of the entitled industrial undertaking:
The AO set off the losses of the old unit against the profits of the new unit, reducing the gross total income and thereby the deduction under Section 80-IA. The CIT(A) and the Tribunal found this approach incorrect. The Tribunal noted that the new unit's profits were Rs. 1,58,66,020, and the deduction should be based on this amount, not reduced by the old unit's losses. The Tribunal emphasized that Section 80-IA(7) specifies that the eligible business should be considered as the only source of income for computing the deduction, which the AO failed to recognize.

3. Adequate appreciation of judicial precedents by the CIT(A):
The Revenue argued that the CIT(A) did not adequately appreciate judicial precedents, citing cases like Cambay Electric Supply Industrial Co. Ltd. vs. CIT, H.H. Sir Rama Varma vs. CIT, and CIT vs. Rockweld Electrodes India Ltd. The CIT(A) and the Tribunal referenced several Supreme Court and High Court decisions supporting the view that deductions under Section 80-IA should be computed on the profits of the eligible unit without setting off losses from other units. Notably, the Tribunal cited Canara Workshops (P) Ltd. vs. CIT, where the Supreme Court held that deductions should be based on the profits of the priority industry without being diminished by losses from other units.

The Tribunal also distinguished the cases cited by the Revenue, noting that they were not directly applicable to the facts of the present case. For instance, the Tribunal highlighted that the Madras High Court's decision in CIT vs. McMillan Co. India Ltd. was based on Section 80QQ, which did not have a provision similar to Section 80-IA(7).

Conclusion:
The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s decision to allow the enhanced deduction under Section 80-IA at Rs. 47,59,806, based on the profits of the eligible new unit without setting off the losses of the old unit. The Tribunal found that the AO's interpretation of Sections 80AB, 80A(2), and 80B(5) was incorrect in the context of the facts of this case. The Tribunal emphasized that the deduction should be computed on the profits of the eligible unit as if it were the only source of income, in line with judicial precedents supporting a liberal interpretation of incentive provisions. The appeal by the Revenue was dismissed.

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