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Issues:
1. Revision of assessment under section 263 based on genuineness of cash credits. 2. Consideration of post-assessment survey results in reassessment. 3. Interpretation of the term "record" under section 263. 4. Application of precedents in cases of erroneous assessment. 5. Retroactive application of amendments to section 263 regarding the definition of "record." Analysis: 1. The appeal pertains to an assessment order passed by the Commissioner of Income-tax under section 263 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, for the assessment year 1984-85. The issue revolves around the genuineness of cash credits amounting to Rs. 10,90,687 shown in the assessee's balance-sheet as borrowings from 24 parties. The Commissioner initiated a revision of the assessment based on the findings of a subsequent survey indicating that many of the creditors were non-existent. The assessee contended that the assessment made by the Income Tax Officer (ITO) was not erroneous and prejudicial to the Revenue's interests, as the ITO had accepted the credits based on confirmatory letters provided by the assessee. 2. The Commissioner, in his order, emphasized that when the ITO fails to conduct necessary inquiries and the returned income seems understated, the provisions of section 263 can be invoked. The Commissioner set aside the assessment order and directed the ITO to re-examine the genuineness of the cash credits. The assessee challenged this decision, arguing that post-assessment survey results should not be considered as part of the "record" for invoking section 263. The assessee relied on legal precedents to support the contention that the assessment order was not erroneous. 3. The debate over the interpretation of the term "record" under section 263 was crucial. The department argued that the amended Explanation (b) clarified that the term "record" includes all records related to any proceeding under the Act available at the time of examination by the Commissioner. This encompassed the results of the survey conducted post-assessment. The department cited various legal decisions supporting the view that an assessment without proper inquiries could be deemed erroneous and prejudicial to Revenue's interests. 4. Legal precedents were cited to support the Commissioner's decision to revise the assessment. The decisions highlighted instances where failure to conduct necessary inquiries or provide relief without proper verification led to orders being considered erroneous and prejudicial to Revenue. The courts emphasized the ITO's duty to investigate facts stated in the return when circumstances warrant further inquiry, and failure to do so could render the assessment flawed. 5. The retroactive application of amendments to section 263 regarding the definition of "record" was a key aspect. The assessee argued that the amendments introduced after the Commissioner's order could not be applied retroactively. However, the Tribunal held that the amendments, particularly Explanation (b), which clarified the definition of "record," were to be deemed retrospective. The Tribunal concluded that the Commissioner was justified in invoking section 263 based on the survey results and directing a reassessment to verify the genuineness of the cash credits. In conclusion, the Tribunal dismissed the appeal, upholding the Commissioner's decision to revise the assessment under section 263 considering the post-assessment survey results as part of the "record" and emphasizing the importance of conducting proper inquiries to ensure the accuracy of assessments and protect Revenue's interests.
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