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Issues Involved:
1. Deduction under Section 80HHC of the Income-tax Act. 2. Status of SOPL as an agent of the assessee. 3. Receipt of convertible foreign exchange. 4. Admission of new evidence violating Rule 46A of the Income-tax Rules, 1962. 5. Validity of the CIT(A)'s order. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Deduction under Section 80HHC of the Income-tax Act: The primary issue was whether the assessee was entitled to a deduction under Section 80HHC. The Assessing Officer (AO) found that the assessee sold goods to Span Overseas Pvt. Ltd. (Span) in rupees and did not receive convertible foreign exchange directly from the Russian party. The AO concluded that Span was the real exporter, as the order, letter of credit, shipping bill, and export formalities were all in Span's name. The CIT(A), however, held that the assessee was the exporter, as it held a registration-cum-membership certificate from the Engineering Export Promotion Council, executed the export formalities, and bore the risk of transit. The Tribunal reversed the CIT(A)'s decision, emphasizing that the property in the goods passed to Span upon delivery to the forwarding agents, and Span was the real exporter. 2. Status of SOPL as an Agent of the Assessee: The AO determined that Span was not an agent of the assessee but acted as a principal. The agreement between Span and the assessee indicated a principal-to-principal relationship, with Span securing and accepting export orders in its own name. The CIT(A) found that Span acted as an agent/intermediary, citing the sharing of export benefits and the use of the term "commission." The Tribunal disagreed, noting that the agreement explicitly stated the relationship was principal-to-principal, and the use of the term "commission" was to ensure Span's profit margin. 3. Receipt of Convertible Foreign Exchange: The AO noted that the sale proceeds were received in rupees from Span, not directly from the Russian party in convertible foreign exchange. The CIT(A) accepted the assessee's contention that remittance in rupees from Russia could be treated as convertible foreign exchange due to the bilateral account system. The Tribunal found this reasoning flawed, as the remittance was received from Span, not directly from the foreign buyer. 4. Admission of New Evidence Violating Rule 46A: The AO argued that the CIT(A) admitted new evidence (minutes of meetings) not produced before the AO, violating Rule 46A of the Income-tax Rules. The CIT(A) relied on these minutes to conclude that Span was an agent. The Tribunal agreed with the AO, stating that the CIT(A) erred in admitting these documents without confronting the AO, and their genuineness was questionable. 5. Validity of the CIT(A)'s Order: The AO contended that the CIT(A)'s order should be vacated and the AO's order restored. The Tribunal found that the CIT(A) made several errors, including misinterpreting the sales-tax certificate (Form No. N-14B), which indicated a domestic sale by the assessee to Span. The Tribunal concluded that the assessee was not the real exporter, as all documentary evidence (invoices, shipping bills, bank certificates) pointed to Span as the exporter. The Tribunal allowed the revenue's appeal, rejecting the assessee's claim for deduction under Section 80HHC.
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