2025 (1) TMI 882 - HC - GST

Maintainability of petition - availability of alternative remedy - Cancellation of petitioner's registration under the CGST Act - Failure to grant personal hearing which according to the petitioner is mandatory in terms of the first proviso to Section 29(2) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 - violation of principles of natural justice - HELD THAT - This Court is conscious of the fact that writ petitions under Article 226 of the Constitution of India would not be entertained normally if statutory remedy is availed. However, existence of alternate remedy is not an embargo or an absolute bar to exercise power under Article 226 of the Constitution of India but a self-imposed restriction and the following circumstances viz., violation of principles of natural justice or lack of jurisdiction or error apparent on the face of the record are some of the exceptions carved out to the rule of alternate remedy for exercise of discretion under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. Conclusion - This Court is of the view that failure to grant a personal hearing is contrary to the mandate contained under Section 75(4) of the GST Act and also results in gross violation of principles of natural justice. Thus the impugned order dated 16.07.2024 is set aside. Petition disposed off.

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered in this judgment are:

Whether the impugned order dated 16.07.2024, cancelling the petitioner's registration under the CGST Act, was passed without granting a mandatory personal hearing, thereby violating Section 29(2) and Section 75(4) of the CGST Act.
Whether the absence of detailed reasons in the show cause notice and the impugned order constitutes a violation of principles of natural justice.
Whether the writ petition is maintainable under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, despite the availability of an alternative appellate remedy.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue 1: Mandatory Personal Hearing

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 29(2) of the CGST Act mandates that the proper officer shall not cancel a registration without giving the person an opportunity of being heard. Section 75(4) further stipulates that a hearing must be granted if requested in writing or if an adverse decision is contemplated.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The court interpreted these provisions as mandating a personal hearing before cancellation of registration. The absence of a personal hearing, despite the petitioner's written reply, constituted a violation of these statutory requirements.
Key Evidence and Findings: The records showed that no personal hearing was granted to the petitioner, despite the submission of a reply dated 15.07.2024.
Application of Law to Facts: The court applied the statutory provisions to the facts, concluding that the impugned order was passed in violation of the mandatory requirement for a personal hearing.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The respondent argued that the order was appealable and the writ petition should not be entertained. However, the court noted exceptions to the rule of alternate remedy, particularly in cases of violation of natural justice.
Conclusions: The court set aside the impugned order due to the failure to grant a personal hearing, which was contrary to the CGST Act and principles of natural justice.

Issue 2: Requirement of Detailed Reasons

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The judgment referenced the Supreme Court's decision in Oryx Fisheries (P) Ltd. v. Union of India, which emphasized the necessity for quasi-judicial authorities to provide reasons for their decisions.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The court underscored the importance of reasoned decisions, stating that reasons are essential for transparency, accountability, and fairness in decision-making.
Key Evidence and Findings: The court found that the show cause notice and the impugned order lacked necessary details and reasons, which are crucial for the petitioner to respond effectively.
Application of Law to Facts: The court applied the principles from the cited precedents, concluding that the absence of detailed reasons in the order further vitiated the proceedings.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The petitioner's counsel argued that the lack of reasons prejudiced their ability to respond, which the court found persuasive.
Conclusions: The court held that the impugned order was invalid due to the absence of adequate reasons, reinforcing the need for a reasoned decision-making process.

Issue 3: Maintainability of Writ Petition

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Article 226 of the Constitution of India allows for writ petitions, but typically not when an alternative remedy is available, unless exceptions apply.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The court acknowledged the general rule against entertaining writ petitions when alternative remedies exist but highlighted exceptions such as violations of natural justice.
Key Evidence and Findings: The court found that the lack of a personal hearing constituted a violation of natural justice, justifying the exercise of writ jurisdiction.
Application of Law to Facts: The court applied the exceptions to the rule of alternate remedy, finding the writ petition maintainable due to the procedural violations.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The respondent's argument about the availability of an appellate remedy was countered by the court's emphasis on the exceptions to the rule.
Conclusions: The court exercised its discretion under Article 226, setting aside the impugned order and directing the respondent to issue a notice with reasons and provide a personal hearing.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

Preserve Verbatim Quotes of Crucial Legal Reasoning: "Failure to grant a personal hearing is contrary to the mandate contained under Section 75(4) of the GST Act and also results in gross violation of principles of natural justice."
Core Principles Established: The judgment reinforced the necessity of a personal hearing and reasoned decision-making in quasi-judicial proceedings under the CGST Act. It also emphasized the exceptions to the rule of alternate remedy in cases of natural justice violations.
Final Determinations on Each Issue: The court set aside the impugned order due to the lack of a personal hearing and adequate reasons. It directed the respondent to issue a new notice with reasons and provide a personal hearing before making a decision.

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