2025 (2) TMI 1081 - AT - Income Tax

Deemed dividend addition u/s 2(22)(e) - loan was taken the partners in their individual capacity has substantial interest in the company -assessee is a LLP converted from the partnership firm - HELD THAT - The assessee maintained the ledger account of the company the transactions starts with the opening balance of loan/advance of Rs. 50.61lakhs and during the year the assessee has taken several amounts and also paid certain amount back. The transactions are in our view are in the nature of business transactions like trade advances taken and returned during the year and also certain expenses are incurred on behalf of the company. It looks like a running account maintained by the assessee for the mutual benefits. AO merely stopped with the ledger account and not established how the transactions are carried out for the individual benefits of the shareholders. In this case two shareholders have substantial interest and also found to be having substantial controlling interest in the firm (assessee). AO preferred to capture the peak credit and proceeded to treat the same as deemed dividend. He has not further verified whether they are regular business transactions or diverted to the individual benefits of the shareholders further whether above said payments were in turn paid by the assessee to the individual shareholders or to the family members of such shareholders. The definition is very clear that such payments are made for the individual benefit of shareholders. After careful consideration we are of the view that CIT(A) has given benefit to the assessee based on shareholder i.e. the assessee not a shareholder and the deeming fiction is attracted only to the payments made to the shareholder since the assessee is not a shareholder after incorporation as LLP. However in our view the assessee had regular transaction during the whole year even before it was converted into LLP. Therefore we are inclined not to disturb the findings of Ld CIT(A). Hence we are inclined to dismiss the grounds raised by the revenue

2011 (5) TMI 325 - HC

ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal issues considered in this judgment include:

Whether the provisions of Section 2(22)(e) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, concerning deemed dividends, are applicable to the loans or advances made by Windlass Engineers and Services Pvt. Ltd. (WESPL) to the assessee, which is a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) converted from a partnership firm.
Whether the personal usage of vehicles by the partners of the LLP justified the disallowance of a portion of vehicle-related expenses claimed by the assessee.

ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Deemed Dividend under Section 2(22)(e)

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 2(22)(e) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, defines deemed dividends as any payment by a company, not being a company in which the public are substantially interested, of any sum by way of advance or loan to a shareholder, or to any concern in which such shareholder is a member or a partner and in which he has a substantial interest. The provision is intended to prevent tax avoidance by treating certain loans or advances as dividends.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal examined whether the assessee, as a recipient of the loan, qualified as a shareholder in the payer company (WESPL). It relied on the Supreme Court's decision in CIT vs. Madhur Housing & Development Co., which clarified that the legal fiction of deemed dividends applies only to the term 'dividend' and not to 'shareholder'. The Tribunal noted that the assessee was not a registered or beneficial shareholder in WESPL.
Key Evidence and Findings: The Tribunal observed that the transactions between the assessee and WESPL were in the nature of business transactions, supported by resolutions and agreements between the parties. It was noted that the assessee maintained a running account with WESPL, indicating regular business dealings rather than loans or advances for individual shareholder benefits.
Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal applied the legal framework to the facts, emphasizing that the payments were part of ordinary business transactions and not for the individual benefit of shareholders. The Tribunal found that the assessee did not use its funds to invest in WESPL shares, distinguishing its case from precedents like National Travel Services vs. CIT.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Tribunal considered the Revenue's arguments that the partners of the LLP had substantial shareholdings in WESPL and that the conditions of Section 2(22)(e) were fulfilled. However, it concluded that the deemed dividend provisions did not apply as the assessee was not a shareholder.
Conclusions: The Tribunal upheld the CIT (A)'s decision to delete the addition made by the AO under Section 2(22)(e), concluding that the provisions were not applicable to the assessee.

Disallowance of Vehicle Expenses

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The disallowance of expenses for personal use of assets is a common practice in tax assessments, where personal use is presumed unless adequately substantiated by the taxpayer.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal considered the CIT (A)'s decision to reduce the disallowance of vehicle expenses from 20% to 10%. The CIT (A) found the original disallowance excessive without sufficient evidence of personal use.
Key Evidence and Findings: The AO had identified several high-end vehicles owned by the assessee and presumed personal use by partners. The CIT (A) adjusted the disallowance based on a lack of concrete evidence.
Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal agreed with the CIT (A)'s assessment that the disallowance should be reduced, given the absence of specific evidence of personal use.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Tribunal noted the Revenue's contention that the reduction was unjustified but found the CIT (A)'s reasoning persuasive.
Conclusions: The Tribunal upheld the CIT (A)'s decision to reduce the disallowance to 10% of vehicle expenses.

SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

Core Principles Established: The Tribunal reinforced the principle that deemed dividend provisions under Section 2(22)(e) apply only when the recipient is a shareholder in the payer company. It emphasized the importance of distinguishing business transactions from loans or advances made for individual shareholder benefits.
Final Determinations on Each Issue: The Tribunal dismissed the Revenue's appeal, upholding the CIT (A)'s deletion of the addition under Section 2(22)(e) and the reduction of the disallowance of vehicle expenses.

← Previous Next →