2025 (3) TMI 890 - HC - GST

Levy and collection of cess by the respondent authorities under the provisions of the Assam Agricultural Produce Market Act 1972 post GST regime - prayer for a direction to the respondent authorities to refund the cess amount which has been wrongfully and illegally collected from the petitioner - HELD THAT - Having considered the submissions of learned counsel for the parties and perusal of the above judgment in M/s. Bhatter Traders and order 2023 (12) TMI 727 - GAUHATI HIGH COURT the issue involved in the present case is pari materia with the facts and issue in the above cases and the same squarely covers the present case where it was held that this Court therefore disposes of the instant writ petitions holding that the collection of the cess from the petitioners by the respondent Board or the Market Committees was unconstitutional as well as ultra vires to the provisions CGST Act 2017 and the AGST Act 2017. The present writ petition is disposed of with an observation that collection of cess from the petitioner by the respondent authorities is unconstitutional as well as ultra virus to the provisions of the CGST Act 2017 and the AGCST 2017.

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal issues considered in this judgment are:

Whether the levy and collection of cess by the Assam State Agricultural Marketing Board under the Assam Agricultural Produce Market Act, 1972, post-GST regime, is constitutional and valid.
Whether the petitioners are entitled to a refund of the cess amounts collected by the respondent authorities.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue 1: Constitutionality and Validity of Cess Levy Post-GST

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The case primarily revolves around the Assam Agricultural Produce Market Act, 1972, the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act, 2017, and the Assam Goods and Services Tax (AGST) Act, 2017. The court also considered previous judgments, notably the decision in M/s. Bhatter Traders and another vs. State of Assam.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court found that the levy of cess by the respondent Board and Market Committees after the issuance of notifications by the Central Government and the Government of Assam was unconstitutional and ultra vires. The notifications indicated that the cess had been subsumed by the CGST and AGST Acts, rendering the levy post-notification unlawful.
Key Evidence and Findings: The Court relied on the precedent set in M/s. Bhatter Traders, where it was determined that the cess collection was unconstitutional post-GST notifications. The same rationale applied to the current case, as the facts and issues were similar.
Application of Law to Facts: The Court applied the legal principles established in the M/s. Bhatter Traders case to the present case, concluding that the cess collection was unconstitutional and ultra vires.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Court acknowledged the respondent's financial position and the lack of specific pleadings from the petitioners regarding the passing of the cess burden to customers, which influenced its decision on the refund issue.
Conclusions: The Court concluded that the cess collection was unconstitutional and ultra vires the CGST and AGST Acts.

Issue 2: Entitlement to Refund of Collected Cess

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The doctrine of unjust enrichment and the principles established in the case of State of Maharashtra vs. Swanstone Multiplex Cinema Private Limited were considered. The Court also referenced the Supreme Court's decision in Mafatlal Industries Ltd. regarding the conditions for claiming a refund.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court determined that the petitioners did not provide specific pleadings or evidence that the cess burden was not passed on to their customers. Without such evidence, the doctrine of unjust enrichment applies, preventing the refund of the collected cess.
Key Evidence and Findings: The Court found no averments in the writ petitions indicating that the burden of the cess was not passed on to customers, which was crucial for a refund claim.
Application of Law to Facts: Applying the doctrine of unjust enrichment, the Court concluded that without evidence of the petitioners bearing the cess burden, a refund was not warranted.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Court considered the financial state of the respondent Board and the potential impact on its functioning, which influenced its decision against ordering a refund.
Conclusions: The Court did not grant a refund of the cess amounts collected, citing the lack of evidence regarding the passing of the cess burden and the financial implications for the respondent Board.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

Preserve Verbatim Quotes of Crucial Legal Reasoning: The Court held that "the levy of cess by the Respondent Board or the Market Committee after the said notifications had come into effect was unconstitutional as well as ultra vires to the provisions of CGST Act, 2017 and the AGST Act, 2017."
Core Principles Established: The judgment reinforced the principle that any tax or cess collection post-GST notifications, which subsumed such levies, is unconstitutional. Additionally, the doctrine of unjust enrichment prevents refunds unless it is proven that the burden was not passed on to consumers.
Final Determinations on Each Issue: The Court determined that the cess collection was unconstitutional but denied a refund due to the lack of evidence regarding the passing of the cess burden and the financial state of the respondent Board.

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