2025 (4) TMI 1287 - AT - Central Excise

Rejection of refund claim filed under transitory provision contained in Section 142(3) of the CGST Act 2017 - rejection on the ground that refund application was barred by limitation since not filed within one year from the relevant date as per provision contained in Section 11B(1) of the Central Excise Act and refund was not allowed on cesses under the said provision of Central Excise Act - HELD THAT - When the notification that excludes cesses from the expression eligible duties and taxes from the definition has not been notified to make it enforceable and Section 140 of the CGST Act providing transitional arrangement for input tax credit namely CENVAT Credit to be carried-forward to Electronic Credit Ledger for its utilisation opting to pay tax can get the same back in cash if it failed to utilise the same refund of the said CENVAT Credit that includes education cess and secondary higher education cesses is permissible under Section 142(3) of the CGST Act which this Tribunal is competent to enforce in view of the decision of the Larger Bench passed in the case of Bosch Electrical Drive India Pvt. Ltd. 2023 (12) TMI 1145 - CESTAT CHENNAI-LB . Conclusion - Refund of accumulated credit on education cess and secondary higher education cess is permissible under Section 142(3) of the CGST Act since Explanation 3 to Section 140 which excludes such cesses has not been notified and is therefore not enforceable. The order passed by the Commissioner of Central Tax (Appeals-I) Pune refusing cash refund on education cess and secondary higher education cesses is hereby set aside - Appeal allowed.

Summary

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

- Whether the refund claim filed under the transitory provision contained in Section 142(3) of the CGST Act, 2017, for accumulated credit on education cess and secondary & higher education cess is admissible.

- Whether the refund claim is barred by limitation under Section 11B(1) of the Central Excise Act, 1944.

- Whether refund of cesses (education cess and secondary & higher education cess) is permissible under the CGST Act, 2017, particularly in light of Section 140 and its Explanations.

- The applicability and interpretation of Explanation 3 to Section 140 of the CGST Act, and its notification status.

- The relevance of judicial precedents regarding refund claims of cesses under the transitional provisions of the CGST Act and the Central Excise Act.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue 1: Admissibility of Refund Claim under Section 142(3) of the CGST Act for Accumulated Credit on Education Cess and Secondary & Higher Education Cess

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 142(3) of the CGST Act, 2017, provides a transitory mechanism for refund of accumulated CENVAT credit on duties and cesses under the erstwhile laws. The provision contains a non-obstante clause stating "notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained under the provisions of existing law except sub-Section 2 of Section 11B of the Central Excise Act, 1944," which deals with unjust enrichment.

Multiple decisions of this Tribunal have consistently held that the one-year limitation period under Section 11B of the Central Excise Act is not applicable to refund claims under Section 142(3) of the CGST Act. The Tribunal referred to cases such as M/s. Welldone Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Commissioner of Customs, GST & Central Excise, Lucknow; M/s. Doowon Automotive Systems India Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Commissioner of GST & Central Excise, Chennai; Punjab National Bank Vs. Commissioner of Central Tax, Bangalore North; Wave One Private Limited Vs. Commissioner; and others which support the view that refund claims under Section 142(3) are not time-barred by Section 11B.

Further, the Tribunal relied on decisions affirming the eligibility of refund of cesses under the CGST transitional provisions, including Combitic Global Caplet Pvt. Ltd., M/s. Orient Cement Limited, Toyota Kirloskar Motor Pvt. Ltd., Star India Pvt. Ltd., Tata Telecommunications Transformation Services Ltd., Tata Business Excellence Group, M/s. Bank of Baroda, M/s. ATV Projects India Ltd., and Gauri Plasticulture.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal observed that the non-obstante clause in Section 142(3) explicitly excludes the application of Section 11B(1) limitation except for the unjust enrichment provision under Section 11B(2). Therefore, the refund claim cannot be rejected solely on the ground of limitation under Section 11B(1) of the Central Excise Act.

The Tribunal distinguished the decision in Gauri Plasticulture, which was relied upon by the Revenue for rejecting the refund, on the basis of differing factual and legal scenarios.

Application of Law to Facts: The appellant's refund claim was filed under Section 142(3) for accumulated credit on education cess and secondary & higher education cess. The Tribunal found that the claim was not barred by limitation and was admissible under the CGST Act.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue's argument that the refund was barred by limitation under Section 11B(1) was rejected based on the statutory language and consistent Tribunal precedents. The appellant's reliance on multiple authoritative decisions was accepted.

Conclusion: Refund claim under Section 142(3) of the CGST Act for accumulated credit on education cess and secondary & higher education cess is admissible and not barred by limitation under Section 11B(1) of the Central Excise Act.

Issue 2: Permissibility of Refund of Cesses under Section 140 of the CGST Act and Impact of Explanation 3

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 140 of the CGST Act deals with transitional provisions relating to input tax credit, including CENVAT credit carried forward to the electronic credit ledger. Explanation 3 was introduced to clarify that "eligible duties and taxes" exclude any cesses not specified in Explanations 1 and 2 and any cess collected as additional duty of customs.

The Hon'ble Bombay High Court in Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. Vs. Union of India held that Explanation 3 had not been notified in the official Gazette and hence was not enforceable. The Court further held that Explanation 3 does not apply to sub-section (1) of Section 140, which governs the transitional credit.

Other relevant decisions include the Hon'ble Madras High Court ruling in Assistant Commissioner of CGST and Central Excise, Chennai Vs. Sutherland Global Services Pvt. Ltd. and the Tribunal decision in Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. Vs. Commissioner of C.T., Secunderabad-GST.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal emphasized that Explanation 3 to Section 140 has not been notified and therefore cannot be invoked to deny refund of cesses. The Tribunal reproduced para 8 of its earlier decision in Bank of Baroda Vs. Assistant Commissioner Division - II, CGST and Central Excise, Mumbai East, which relied on the Bombay High Court's reasoning that Explanation 3 is not in force and cannot be used to exclude education cess and secondary & higher education cess from eligible duties and taxes.

The Tribunal held that since the notification excluding cesses from "eligible duties and taxes" has not been issued, the refund of accumulated CENVAT credit including education cess and secondary & higher education cess is permissible under Section 142(3) of the CGST Act.

Key Evidence and Findings: The absence of notification for Explanation 3 was a critical factual and legal finding. The Tribunal also noted the larger bench decision in Bosch Electrical Drive India Pvt. Ltd. affirming its jurisdiction to enforce such refund claims under Section 142(3).

Application of Law to Facts: The appellant's claim for refund of education cess and secondary & higher education cess was supported by the fact that the exclusionary Explanation 3 was not yet notified. Therefore, the refund claim was valid under the transitional provisions.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue's reliance on the Madras High Court decision and Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. was considered but distinguished on the basis that the Madras High Court ruling concerned utilization post-GST implementation and the BHEL decision pertained to cash refunds under Section 11B of the Central Excise Act, which is not applicable here due to the non-obstante clause in Section 142(3) of the CGST Act.

Conclusion: Refund of accumulated credit on education cess and secondary & higher education cess is permissible under Section 142(3) of the CGST Act since Explanation 3 to Section 140, which excludes such cesses, has not been notified and is therefore not enforceable.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

- "Section 142(3) of the CGST Act has put a non-obstante clause with the wording, 'notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained under the provisions of existing law except sub-Section 2 of Section 11B of the Central Excise Act, 1944' that deals with unjust enrichment, refund is admissible under the said Section."

- "The period of one year, as stipulated under Section 11B, would not be applicable to refund claims under Section 142(3) of the CGST Act."

- "Explanation 3 introduced to Section 140 of the CGST Act would no way affect such refund proceeding for the reason that it was not being notified for its implementation."

- "As the law now stands, Explanation 3 does not have any application to sub-section (1) of Section 140. The respondent could not rely upon Explanation 3 exclusively to contend that Cess is not included in 'eligible duties and taxes'."

- "When the notification that excludes cesses from the expression 'eligible duties and taxes' from the definition has not been notified to make it enforceable and Section 140 of the CGST Act providing transitional arrangement for input tax credit namely CENVAT Credit to be carried-forward to Electronic Credit Ledger for its utilisation opting to pay tax can get the same back in cash if it failed to utilise the same, refund of the said CENVAT Credit that includes education cess and secondary & higher education cesses is permissible under Section 142(3) of the CGST Act."

- The appeal was allowed, the order refusing cash refund on education cess and secondary & higher education cesses was set aside, and the Commissioner was directed to pay the refund with applicable interest within two months.