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2025 (4) TMI 1303 - AT - CustomsNon-compliance of the statutory requirement of pre-deposit - authority to waive or reduce the pre-deposit requirement after the 2014 amendment to section 129E of the Customs Act 1962 - HELD THAT - It would be seen from a bare perusal of section 129E of the Customs Act that after 6.8.2014 neither the Tribunal nor the Commissioner (Appeals) have the power to waive the requirement of pre-deposit unlike the situation which existed prior to the amendment made in section 129E on 06.08.2014 when the Tribunal if it was of the opinion that the deposit of duty and interest demanded or penalty levied would cause undue hardship could dispense the said deposit on such conditions as it deemed fit to impose so as to safeguard the interest of the Revenue. The Supreme Court in Narayan Chandra Ghosh vs. UCO Bank and Others 2011 (3) TMI 1478 - SUPREME COURT examined the provisions contained in section 18 of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act 2002 relating to pre deposit in order to avail the remedy of appeal. The provisions are similar to the provisions of section 129E of the Customs Act. The Supreme Court emphasised that when a Statue confers a right to appeal conditions can be imposed for exercising of such a right and unless the condition precedent for filing appeal is fulfilled the appeal cannot be entertained. The Supreme Court therefore held that deposit under the second proviso to section 18(1) of the Act being a condition precedent for preferring an appeal the Appellate Tribunal erred in law in entertaining the appeal. The Supreme Court also held that the Appellate Tribunal could not have granted waiver of pre-deposit beyond the provisions of the Act. It will also be appropriate to refer to a decision of the Delhi High Court in Dish TV India Limited vs. Union of India Ors. 2020 (8) TMI 183 - DELHI HIGH COURT wherein the requirement of pre-deposit under section 129E of the Customs Act came up for consideration. The High Court held that when the Statue itself provided wavier of pre-deposit to the extent of 90% or 92.5% of the duty amount and made it mandatory to deposit 7.5% or 10% of duty amount the Courts cannot waive this requirement of deposit. The Madhya Pradesh High Court in Ankit Mehta v/s Commissioner CGST Indore 2019 (3) TMI 1342 - MADHYA PRADESH HIGH COURT also dismissed the Writ Petition that had been filed against the order of the Tribunal dismissing the appeal for the reason that the required pre-deposit was not made. The contention that was advanced before the Tribunal and before the Madhya Pradesh High Court was that the appellant was not in a position to make the pre-deposit due to financial constraints. After examining the provisions of section 129E of the Customs Act the Madhya Pradesh High Court observed section 129E does not empower the Tribunal or the Commissioner (Appeals) to waive the pre-deposit or to reduce the pre-deposit this Court is also not inclined keeping in view the aforesaid statutory provisions of law to waive or reduce the pre-deposit and therefore no case for interference is made out in the matter. Conclusion - The appellant has not made the pre-deposit. In view of the aforesaid decisions of the Supreme Court the Delhi High Court and the Madhya Pradesh High Court it is not possible to permit the appellant to maintain the appeal without making the required pre-deposit. As the mandatory statutory requirement of pre-deposit has not been satisfied by the appellant the appeal stands dismissed.
The core legal issues considered by the Tribunal revolve around the mandatory requirement of pre-deposit under section 129E of the Customs Act, 1962, as amended on 06.08.2014, and whether an appeal can be entertained without compliance with this statutory condition. Specifically, the Tribunal examined:
Issue-wise detailed analysis: 1. Authority to waive or reduce pre-deposit post-amendment: The legal framework is primarily section 129E of the Customs Act, which mandates a pre-deposit of 7.5% or 10% of the duty or penalty in dispute before filing an appeal. The amendment dated 06.08.2014 removed the earlier discretionary power of the Tribunal or Commissioner (Appeals) to waive or reduce the pre-deposit on grounds of undue hardship. The Court emphasized that post-amendment, the Tribunal and Commissioner (Appeals) "shall not entertain any appeal" unless the pre-deposit is made, reflecting a clear legislative intent to make the pre-deposit a mandatory condition precedent. The Tribunal cited the statutory language and the removal of discretion to highlight that unlike the pre-amendment regime, no waiver or reduction beyond what is statutorily prescribed is permissible. Competing arguments from the appellant seeking waiver or reduction were rejected as inconsistent with the amended statutory mandate. 2. Interpretation of pre-deposit requirement in light of judicial precedents: The Tribunal relied heavily on the Supreme Court's decision in Narayan Chandra Ghosh vs. UCO Bank, which dealt with analogous pre-deposit provisions under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002. The Supreme Court held that the pre-deposit is a mandatory condition precedent for filing an appeal and that appellate bodies cannot entertain appeals without compliance. It further held that appellate authorities cannot grant waivers beyond the statutory provisions. This principle was reiterated in Kotak Mahindra Bank Pvt. Limited vs. Ambuj A.Kasiwal and in Chandra Sekhar Jha vs. Union of India, where the Supreme Court underscored that the legislative intention behind the amendment was to curtail discretionary waiver powers and enforce strict compliance with pre-deposit requirements. The Tribunal also referred to decisions of the Delhi High Court in Dish TV India Limited vs. Union of India and Vish Wind Infrastructure LLP vs. Additional Director General, which held that courts cannot waive the mandatory pre-deposit since the statute itself provides a partial waiver (90% or 92.5%) and mandates the deposit of the remaining percentage. These decisions emphasized that allowing waiver beyond statutory provisions would amount to courts being "more charitable than the law." Similarly, the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Ankit Mehta vs. Commissioner, CGST Indore rejected financial hardship as a ground to waive the pre-deposit, reinforcing the mandatory nature of the requirement. 3. Consequences of non-compliance with pre-deposit requirement: The Tribunal noted that the appellant failed to comply with the statutory pre-deposit requirement despite repeated opportunities and notices. The non-compliance was coupled with non-appearance before the Tribunal, further justifying dismissal. Given the unambiguous statutory bar under section 129E, the Tribunal held that it could not entertain the appeal, and dismissal was the only appropriate course. The Tribunal underscored that entertaining an appeal without pre-deposit would violate the legislative command and render the statutory provision ineffective. 4. Treatment of appellant's arguments for waiver or reduction: The appellant's failure to remove defects and make the pre-deposit was noted. Arguments based on financial constraints or the applicability of pre-amendment provisions were rejected. The Tribunal relied on the Supreme Court's rejection of similar contentions in Chandra Sekhar Jha and the consistent judicial view that the amended section 129E does not permit discretionary waiver or reduction beyond statutory limits. The Tribunal also highlighted that the appellant was duly served with notices warning that failure to comply would lead to dismissal, and yet no action was taken. Significant holdings: "It would be seen from a bare perusal of section 129E of the Customs Act that after 6.8.2014 neither the Tribunal nor the Commissioner (Appeals) have the power to waive the requirement of pre-deposit..." "The Supreme Court... held that deposit under the second proviso to section 18(1) of the Act, being a condition precedent for preferring an appeal, the Appellate Tribunal erred in law in entertaining the appeal." "The provisions of this section shall not apply to the stay applications and appeals pending before any appellate authority prior to the commencement of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2014." "When the appellant is not being called upon to pay the full amount but is only asked to pay the amount which is fixed under the substituted provisions, we do not find any merit in the contention of the appellant." "No court can issue a direction to any authority, to act in violation of the law... there is an absolute bar on the CESTAT entertaining any appeal... unless the appellant has deposited 7.5 % of the duty confirmed against it by the authority below." "The appellant has not made the pre-deposit. In view of the aforesaid decisions... it is not possible to permit the appellant to maintain the appeal without making the required pre-deposit." The Tribunal conclusively held that the statutory requirement of pre-deposit under section 129E of the Customs Act is mandatory and non-compliance results in the appeal being non-maintainable. The Tribunal dismissed the appeal on this ground, reinforcing the principle that appellate forums cannot entertain appeals without the prescribed pre-deposit, and no waiver or reduction can be granted beyond what the statute expressly permits.
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