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Issues:
1. Confiscation of tractor, trailer, and tarpaulins under Customs Act. 2. Liability of owner for goods found in the vehicle. 3. Requirement of proving lack of knowledge or connivance under Section 115(2) of the Customs Act. 4. Consideration of mens rea in determining liability. 5. Proviso under Section 115(2) regarding redemption fine for conveyances used for hire. Confiscation of Tractor, Trailer, and Tarpaulins: The appellant challenged the confiscation of the tractor, trailer, and tarpaulins under the Customs Act following the seizure of contraband goods found hidden in the vehicle. The appellant contended that the vehicle was used for legitimate purposes, such as transporting agricultural produce, and that he was unaware of the smuggling activities. Liability of Owner for Goods Found in the Vehicle: The central issue revolved around the liability of the owner of the vehicle for the presence of contraband goods. The appellant, claiming to be a poor farmer, denied any knowledge of the smuggling operation and argued that the vehicle should not be subject to confiscation. Requirement of Proving Lack of Knowledge or Connivance: The Tribunal analyzed Section 115(2) of the Customs Act, emphasizing that to avoid confiscation, the owner must demonstrate that the vehicle was used without their knowledge or connivance, as well as that necessary precautions were taken. The judgment highlighted the need to prove lack of knowledge not only by the owner but also by their agent, in this case, the driver. Consideration of Mens Rea in Determining Liability: The Tribunal clarified that mens rea is not a prerequisite for establishing liability under Section 115(2) of the Customs Act. It was emphasized that the actions of the agent, the driver in this instance, could render the owner vicariously liable, irrespective of their personal knowledge or intent. Proviso under Section 115(2) Regarding Redemption Fine: Regarding the option for redemption provided in the proviso under Section 115(2), the Tribunal acknowledged the appellant's circumstances as a poor farmer heavily reliant on the vehicle for livelihood. A redemption fine of Rs. 25,000 was imposed, allowing the appellant to redeem the confiscated items within a specified timeframe. In conclusion, the Tribunal partially allowed the appeal, upholding the confiscation of the trailer and trolley but granting the appellant the option to redeem them upon payment of the redemption fine. The judgment underscored the importance of proving lack of knowledge or connivance and the implications of the agent's actions on the owner's liability under the Customs Act.
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