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Interpretation of memorandum and articles regarding shareholders' rights and entitlement to dividends. Analysis: The judgment by Cohen, J. delves into the intricate issue of interpreting the memorandum and articles concerning shareholders' rights and entitlement to dividends. The judge references previous cases, emphasizing the importance of approaching the matter without bias towards inherent equality between shareholders. The key question at hand is whether preference shareholders are entitled to arrears of dividend, potentially postponing the rights of ordinary shareholders. The judge scrutinizes the wording of the memorandum in comparison to precedents, particularly focusing on the clauses related to dividend entitlement and participation in profits or assets. In the judgment, Cohen, J. discusses the arguments presented by counsel for preference shareholders, drawing parallels to a previous case for justification. However, the judge distinguishes the current case's memorandum from the cited precedent, highlighting crucial differences in wording that impact shareholders' entitlements, particularly in the context of dividend participation. The judge also references Maugham, J.'s previous judgment, which was based on the interpretation of specific terms like "rank," "capital," and the absence of rights for further participation in profits or assets. Furthermore, Cohen, J. critically evaluates the provisions in the current case, ultimately differing in interpretation from the previous judgment. The judge asserts that preference shareholders would have shared in surplus assets if available, indicating a broader entitlement beyond mere dividend arrears. The judge concludes that the word "rank" should not be limited to winding up concerning dividends and that "dividends" cannot be equated with arrears of dividend in this scenario. Despite initial hesitation, the judge aligns with the argument presented for ordinary shareholders, denying preference shareholders the right to receive their arrears of dividend based on the memorandum and articles' interpretation.
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