Input tax Credit under CGST Act,2017 and Rules thereof

[Sanjeev Singhal]

Input tax credit on input, input services and capital goods is the most contentious   issue where always are lot of litigation on admissibility . This is common problem in case of lack of clarity of the provisions and rules under the existing indirect tax as well like Excise , Service Tax and VAT.  With the subsuming of one tax , in GST we are hopeful that the present problem will mitigate to certain extent . Before going into detail I will like to explain on the relevant definitions of ITC which make the chapter less cumbersome and will facilitate to understand in better way. Definitions and provisions provided in GST on ITC in comparison to existing laws are more simpler and understandable. Now, We can go through all definitions related to Input tax Credit under CGST Act, 2017 in detail.

Definition of Capital Goods , Input , Input Services and Input tax credit

Capital Goods  -Sec. 2(19)

“Capital good” means goods , the value of which is capitalized in the books of accounts of person claiming the credit which are used or intended to be used  in the course or furtherance of business.

Sec. 2(59)  “input” means any goods other than capital goods used or intended to be used by a supplier in the course or furtherance of business; 

Sec.2 (60)  “input  service” means  any  service used or intended to be used by a supplier  in the course or furtherance of business; 

Sec. 2(62)  “Input Tax”  in relation to Registered person , means the central tax, State tax, integrated tax or union territory tax charged on any supply of goods and services or both made to him and includes;

• Integrated goods and service tax on import of goods;
• Tax payable under the provision of sub section (3) & (4) of Section 9.
• Tax payable under the provision of sub section (3) & (4) of Section 5 of Integrated goods and service tax Act.
• Tax payable under the provision of sub section (3) & (4) of Section 9 of respective State goods and service tax Act; or
• Tax payable under the provision of sub section (3) & (4) of Section 7 of the Union territory goods and service tax Act.

But does not include tax paid under the composition levy.

Sec. 2( 63) “Input Tax Credit”   mean credit  of input tax .

Now, we will discuss the Input tax Credit provision one by one along with Rules of Input  Tax Credit .

1. How to take input tax credit- conditions – Sec. 16 

• All RP [ Registered Person ] shall take credit of input tax admissible as per the terms and  condition specified in Sec. 49 on all goods and supply or both and the said amount shall be credited to his ECL [ electronic credit ledger].

• Registered person can claim credit only when possessing;

• Invoice or debit note
• Received the goods or services
• Tax charged on such supply has been paid to Government either in cash or through credit utilisation
• Person has filed the return u/s 39

• Where the goods are received in installment or lots, ITC shall be available  at the time receiving of final installment or lot.

• Recipient  shall make the payment to supplier of goods or services( except tax payable under reverse charge) along with tax payable within 180 days from the date of invoice otherwise the ITC taken shall be added to the output tax liability with interest.

Same ITC can be claimed after the payment to supplier along with tax payable thereon.

Rule -2[2] provides that such ITC shall be added to output tax liability for the month after the passing of 180 days. Rule 2[3] says RP need to pay interest as per section 50 of the Act from the date of taking ITC to the date of adding to out put tax liability.

• Where the RP has claimed depreciation as per Income Tax Act on tax component of cost of capital goods and plant and machinery, ITC shall be denied on the said tax component.

• ITC shall not be allowed after the due date of furnishing the return u/s 39 for the month of September  following the end of financial year to which invoice/ debit note relates or furnishing of the annual return which ever is earlier .

1. Apportionment of credit or blocked credit  [Sec. 17]

A]  where the goods and services are used partly for business or partly for personal purpose by RP , the amount of credit shall be limited to ITC pertain to used for business.

B]  where the goods or services are used by RP partly for taxable supplies including zero rating supply under this Act or IGST Act and partly for exempted supply , the amount of credit shall be limited to ITC pertain to used for taxable supply. [ Furnish in GSTR-2  the ITC  on exempt supplies which shall not be credited to ECL] 

C]  Exempted supply under Point-B   as explained in Sec. 2(47) and shall include supplies on which recipient is liable to pay tax under reverse charge basis, transaction in securities, sale of land, subject to clause b of paragraph 5 of schedule-II, sale of building.

Exempt Supply[ sec. 2(47)

“exempt supply” means supply of any goods or services or both which attracts nil rate of tax or which may be wholly exempt from tax under section 11, or under section 6 of  the Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, and includes  non-taxable supply;

D]  banking company or financial institution including non banking financial company , engaged in supplying  service by way of accepting deposit, extending loan and advances shall have the option of  either accept  the provision as specified in  2[B] above or  take 50 of the eligible credit on input , capital goods and input services in the month and rest will lapse. Option once exercised can  not be changed during the rest of  financial year. Furnish in GSTR-2

E]  Despite the provision of Sec. 16[1] , ITC  shall not be available on the following;    

                        a]         motor vehicle and other conveyance except the following

                                    i] for making the following taxable supplies

• further supply of such vehicle or conveyance
• transporting of passenger
• imparting training on driving , flying ,navigating such vehicle or conveyance.

ii] for transportation of goods

                        b]         supply of goods or service, namely

• Food and beverage, outdoor catering , beauty treatment, health services, cosmetic and plastic surgery, except when such inward supply of goods and services is used for  output taxable supply of the same category of goods and services.
• Membership of club, health  and fitness services
• Rent a cab, life insurance, health insurance
• Travel benefit extended to employee on vocation  such as leave or home travel concession.

F]  work contract service or both when supplied for construction of immovable property  other than plant and machinery except when  such input services used for further supply of work contract service.

G] goods or services used by RP for construction of immovable property ( other than plant and machinery) on his own a/c, even when used in course or furtherance of business.                                

For the purpose of clause F and G , the construction includes reconstruction, renovation, alteration, addition, repair to extent of capitalization to the said immovable property.

H]  goods and services on which tax has been paid u/s 10.

I]    goods and services used for personal consumption

J]   goods lost, stolen, destroyed, written off,  disposed off by way of gift  or free samples.

K]  goods and services or both received  by non resident taxable person except import of goods.           

L]  any tax paid u/s 74,129 and 130.

Explanation : for the purpose of  Chapter –V and VI , “Plant and Machinery” means apparatus , and machinery fixed to earth by foundation or structural support  that are used for making outward supply of goods or services or both and includes such foundation and structural support but excludes -

                        1]    Land, building or other civil structure

                        2]    telecommunication tower

                        3]    pipelines laid outside the factory premises.

1. Availability of credit in special circumstances [ Sec.18 ]

• Person who has applied for registration and granted the same , will be entitle to claim ITC on input, semi finished and finished goods held on immediately proceeding the day on which he is liable to pay tax.

• Person who take registration under sec. 25 [3] , will be entitle to claim ITC on input, semi finished and finished goods on immediately proceeding the date of grant of registration.

• Where the RP ceases to pay tax under Sec.10 , will be entitle to claim ITC on input, semi finished and finished goods and capital goods on immediately proceeding the day on which he is liable to pay tax. The credit on capital goods shall be reduced by percentage point as prescribed.

• Where an exempt supply of goods and services by RP becomes taxable, will be entitle to claim ITC on input, semi finished and finished goods and capital goods on immediately proceeding the day on which he is liable to pay tax. Provided that credit on capital goods shall be reduced by percentage point.

• RP can not claim input tax credit under the above said sub sections after the expiry of one year from the date of invoice.

• Where there is change in the constitution of RP on account of sale, merger, demerger, amalgamation , lease or transfer of the business with transfer of liabilities , in such cases RP shall be allowed to transfer the unutilized input to the  sale, merger, demerger, amalgamation , lease or transferred  business. .

• RP  if switches to section- 10 for composite scheme or, where his goods or services become exempt, shall pay an amount by debit to electronic credit ledger or cash ledger, equivalent to input tax  on stock and capital goods , reduced by percentage point, immediately proceeding the day of switching over and exemption of goods

• In case of disposal of capital goods , RP shall pay an equal amount of input as reduced by percentage point or on transaction value of such capital goods which ever is higher.

But in case of refractory bricks , tools , jigs mould and dies and fixture are supplied as scrap, tax shall be paid on transaction value.

Rule – 5[1] -furnish GST ITC-1 where ever input on stock is taken within 30 days from the date of eligibility of ITC. Claim of declaration shall be certified by chartered accountant/ cost accountants if the ITC is exceeding ₹ 2 lacs.

1. Input tax credit in respect of input and capital goods  sent for job Work [ Sec.19 ]

• Principal as referred in Sec. 143 , shall take the credit of input sent for job work provided the input after job work has been received back within one year  from the date of sent out. ITC can be claimed even if the goods directly sent to job worker. One year  shall be computed from the date of receipt of material by Job worker.  If the goods have not been returned within the stipulated period, the same shall be treated as supply to job worker from the date of goods sent out.[ Rule -10 the input or capital goods shall be sent on challan as per the information contained in Rule -8 of Invoice Rules. The detail of challan shall be furnish in GSTR-1 for the period.

• Principal  shall be entitled to take credit of ITC on capital goods sent to job worker. Credit shall be valid if such goods have been received back within three years of being sent out. ITC can be taken even if the capital goods directly received by job worker. If the capital goods have not been returned within the stipulated period the same shall be treated as supply to job worker from the date of capital goods sent out.

• The aforesaid period of one year or three year shall not be applied in case of moulds, dies, jigs and fixture, or tools sent out to job worker for job work.

1. Distribution of credit by Input Service Distributor  [ Section -20 ]              

• IGST shall be distributed as IGST to every recipient -

• Input tax  credit  of Central and State tax shall be distributed as follows: -

a] if recipient is located at same state where ISD, Central and State tax shall be distributed as

    it is.

b] In case of different state, ITC shall be distributed as IGST.

• ISD can distribute  the ITC subject to the following :

• only on prescribed document containing the details as prescribed.
• The amount of credit distributed can not exceed the amount of credit
• ITC can be distributed only to that recipient eligible.
• shall be distributed to attributable recipient . If more than one recipient  , it shall be on pro rata  basis on the turnover of the state or Union territory of the relevant period. Recipient  should be operational in that relevant period.

Relevant period ;

a] the recipients of credit have turnover in the state or union territory in the financial year proceeding the year in which credit to be distributed. 

b] if some or all of the recipients of credit have not any turnover in the state or union territory in the financial year proceeding the year in which credit to be distributed. Last quarter preceding the  month in which credit to be   distributed shall be the period.  

Rule :  ITC available for distribution shall be furnished in GSTR-6

1. Manner of recovery of credit Distributed in excess [ Sec-21]

Where the ISD distribute any credit resulting in excess distribution, the same shall be recovered from such recipient along with interest, and the provision of sec. 73 or 74 [ demand and recovery ] shall apply for such recovery.

FAQ ON INPUT TAX CREDIT

Q. Can GST paid on reverse charge be considered as input tax

A.  Yes. The definition of input tax include tax payable under Sec. 9(3)& (4) which is reverse charge. The credit can be availed if such goods and services are used or intended to be used in the  course  or furtherance of business.

Q. Does input tax includes tax on CGST/SGST/UGST/IGST paid on input goods ,input  services and capital goods

A. Yes . In terms of definition 2[19], 2[59] and 2 [60]. It may be noted that ITC on capital goods is permitted in one installment except land ,building or civil structure ,pipeline outside factory premises and telephone tower.

Q. Where goods and services receive by taxable person are used for both taxable and non taxable supplies, weather the input tax is available.

A.  In this case ITC shall be restricted to taxable supply as per sec. 17[2].

Q. Is the ITC is available in case of change of constitution like sale, merger, demerger, amalgamation etc.

A.  Yes , it is available as per Sec. 18[3] in the manner as prescribed.

Q. A dealer paying tax under compounding scheme and crosses the threshold limit, can he get ITC and from which date.

A.  As per Sec. 18[1][c] , he can avail the credit on input and input contained in semi finished goods and finished goods on the date immediately proceeding the date from which he becomes liable to pay tax.

Q. Weather the principal is eligible to take input on input sent to job worker?

A. Yes. As prescribed in sec. 19[2].

Disclaimer : 

  The contents of this article are solely for information and knowledge and does not constitute any professional advice or recommendation. Author does not accept any liability for  any loss or damage of any kind  arising out of this information set out in the article and any action taken based thereon.

About the Author:

Author is practicing chartered accountant in  Gurgaon and having specialisation in Service Tax and Haryana VAT. He can be reached at  [email protected]

Discussions to this article

[sunil kumar Gupta]

How will ITC be available to builders and colonizer who develop and sell flats/ residential plots on their on account?