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Issues:
1. Interpretation of permitted warehousing period under Customs Act. 2. Calculation of duty payable on expiry of warehousing period. 3. Refund of interest in cases of early ex-bond clearances. 4. Applicability of interest on warehoused goods. 5. Jurisdiction of appellate authority to decide beyond issues framed. 6. Doctrine of unjust enrichment in refund cases. Interpretation of permitted warehousing period under Customs Act: The appeals challenged the Commissioner (Appeals) order relying on the Kesoram Rayons case, which held the permitted warehousing period as one month under the Customs Act. The Tribunal emphasized that extension of the warehousing period requires a specific order and cannot be presumed. The Tribunal concluded that in most cases, the warehousing period had expired after one month, leading to quantification of duty payable at the rate applicable on the date of deemed removal from the warehouse. Calculation of duty payable on expiry of warehousing period: The Tribunal held that duty should be quantified based on the date the permitted warehousing period ended. It differentiated cases where ex-bond clearances occurred within the normal bonding period, exempting them from interest payment. However, for cases where clearances happened after the one-month period, duty quantification was to be based on the end of the warehousing period, with interest charged from the 8th day of the Bill of Entry return for warehousing. Refund of interest in cases of early ex-bond clearances: The Tribunal allowed refund of interest in cases where duty deposited was higher than the duty finally assessed, resulting in no unpaid duty. Such refunds were granted for early ex-bond clearances within the one-month warehousing period, except for specific cases where interest was already recovered by the Department. Applicability of interest on warehoused goods: Referring to the Pratibha Processors case, the Tribunal concluded that interest on warehoused goods is contingent on the principal duty payment. Since no further duty payment was required under Section 59A(2) and refunds were granted, no additional interest was deemed payable by the appellants. Jurisdiction of appellate authority to decide beyond issues framed: The Tribunal noted that the Commissioner had exceeded the issues framed by relying on irrelevant precedents. The Tribunal found the Kesoram Rayons decision not pertinent to the case, emphasizing the need to stick to relevant issues and decisions. Doctrine of unjust enrichment in refund cases: The Tribunal dismissed the argument of unjust enrichment, stating that the refund claims were for interest, not duty. As the refunds were not considered as duty refunds, the doctrine of unjust enrichment did not apply. Consequently, the Tribunal set aside the impugned order and allowed the appeals with consequential benefits to the appellants.
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