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Interpretation of rule 10(ii) of the Income-tax Rules, 1962 regarding the calculation of income for non-resident shipping company. Inclusion of various items like interest on discount, adjustment of currency, and general average in total business receipts for tax assessment purposes. Analysis: The judgment by the High Court of Calcutta involved the assessment of income tax for a non-resident shipping company incorporated in Japan for the assessment year 1971-72. The Income-tax Officer computed the income received in India by the assessee under rule 10(ii) of the Income-tax Rules, 1962. The total income of the assessee was calculated based on the proportion of receipts accruing or arising in India on account of freight. However, the assessee contended that certain items like interest on discount, adjustment of currency, and general average should also be included in the total business receipts as they were incidental to its shipping business. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner held that the Income-tax Officer should have considered the non-operating revenue items as part of total receipts, directing a fresh computation of Indian income based on world income. The Revenue appealed to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, which upheld the inclusion of the disputed items in the world receipts, as they were part of the business income. The Tribunal rejected the appeal of the Revenue in this regard. The High Court analyzed the relevant statutory provisions, emphasizing that the expressions "accrued" or "arisen" or "received" or deemed to be received" should be given their plain meaning in the absence of specific definitions. The Court found that the disputed items had arisen in connection with the shipping business and had been received or deemed to be received by the assessee, making them assessable to tax. The Court concluded that the items included in the total income of the assessee must be considered as receipts of its business, affirming in favor of the assessee. In conclusion, the High Court answered the question referred in the affirmative and in favor of the assessee, emphasizing the inclusion of various items in the total business receipts for tax assessment purposes. The judgment was delivered by Judge Dipak Kumar Sen, with agreement from Judge Mukul Gopal Mukherjee.
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