2025 (1) TMI 385 - AT - Income Tax

Deemed dividend addition u/s 2(22)(e) - advances received by company wherein assessee is one of the shareholders having 35% holding in the company - HELD THAT - Circular No. 19 of 2017 dated 12/06/2017 issued by the Central Board of Direct Taxes, which provides that the trade advances, which are in the nature of commercial transactions, would not fall within the ambit of the word advance in section 2(22)(e). We find that in Pradip Kumar Malhotra 2011 (8) TMI 16 - CALCUTTA HIGH COURT held that gratuitous loan or advance given by the company to its shareholders would come within the purview of section 2(22)(e) but not the cases where the loan or advance is given in return to an advantage conferred upon the company by such shareholder. In the present case, upon receipt of advance from M/s AGIV India Pvt. Ltd., M/s Paros Corp purchased the shares of IND-AGIV Commerce Ltd. and RST Technologies Ltd., which facilitated the completion of the transaction between M/s AGIV India Pvt. Ltd. and M/s FOR-A Group Japan. Thus, the advance was given in return for an advantage conferred upon M/s AGIV India Pvt. Ltd. by the assessee. Such a transaction, being completely in the nature of a commercial transaction, would not fall within the ambit of the provisions of section 2(22)(e)and therefore the addition made by the AO is deleted. As a result, grounds raised by the assessee are allowed.

2011 (8) TMI 16 - HC

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The legal judgment involves the following core legal questions:

Whether the amount of INR 1,20,06,226 received by the assessee from M/s AGIV India Pvt. Ltd. should be treated as a deemed dividend under section 2(22)(e) of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Whether the initiation of penalty proceedings under section 271(1)(c) by the Assessing Officer was justified.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue 1: Treatment of the Amount as Deemed Dividend

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The relevant legal provision is section 2(22)(e) of the Income Tax Act, which deems certain loans or advances to shareholders as dividends. The provision applies when a company extends a loan to a shareholder holding more than 10% voting power, or to a concern in which such a shareholder is substantially interested, to the extent of the company's accumulated profits.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The court examined whether the transaction between M/s AGIV India Pvt. Ltd. and M/s Paros Corp was a mere loan or a commercial transaction. The court considered the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the parties and the subsequent business arrangements to determine the nature of the transaction.
Key Evidence and Findings: The court noted that the MOU stipulated that the advance was for the purchase of shares in IND-AGIV Commerce Ltd. and RST Technologies Ltd. to facilitate a business deal with M/s FOR-A Group Japan. The advance was not to be used for any other purpose, and it was returned after the sale of shares.
Application of Law to Facts: The court applied the legal principle that gratuitous loans fall under section 2(22)(e), but not advances given in return for an advantage to the company. The court found that the transaction was for the commercial benefit of M/s AGIV India Pvt. Ltd., as it facilitated the company's integration into a larger conglomerate.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue argued that the transaction was solely to benefit the shareholder. However, the court found that the transaction was for the company's commercial advantage, as evidenced by the continued minority shareholding of the original shareholders after the deal.
Conclusions: The court concluded that the advance was a commercial transaction and not a deemed dividend under section 2(22)(e). The addition made by the Assessing Officer was deleted.

Issue 2: Initiation of Penalty Proceedings

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 271(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act pertains to penalties for concealment of income or furnishing inaccurate particulars.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The court did not provide a detailed analysis of this issue, as the primary focus was on the deemed dividend question. However, the court's decision to allow the appeal implicitly suggests that the penalty proceedings lacked merit.
Key Evidence and Findings: The court's findings on the main issue effectively negated the basis for the penalty, as the transaction was not deemed a dividend.
Conclusions: The court allowed the appeal, which implies that the initiation of penalty proceedings was not justified.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

Preserve Verbatim Quotes of Crucial Legal Reasoning: "The trade advances, which are in the nature of commercial transactions, would not fall within the ambit of the word 'advance' in section 2(22)(e) of the Act."
Core Principles Established: The judgment establishes that advances given for commercial purposes, which confer an advantage upon the company, do not qualify as deemed dividends under section 2(22)(e).
Final Determinations on Each Issue: The court determined that the advance was a commercial transaction and not a deemed dividend, thus allowing the appeal. The penalty proceedings under section 271(1)(c) were implicitly deemed unjustified.

The court's decision underscores the importance of examining the commercial context and purpose of transactions when determining their tax implications under section 2(22)(e) of the Income Tax Act.

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