2025 (4) TMI 1098 - AT - Service Tax

Applicability of service tax - late payment charges recovered from UPPCL under Section 66E(e) of the Finance Act 1994 - agreeing to obligation to tolerate the situation of delayed payment - HELD THAT - In the case of Madhya Pradesh Poorva Kshetra Vidyut Vitran Co. Ltd. Versus Principal Commissioner CGST and Central Excise Bhopal 2022 (4) TMI 773 - CESTAT NEW DELHI Tribunal has held that it is not possible to sustain the levy of service tax on the amount collected by the appellant for late payment surcharge meter rent and supervision charges. In the case of South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. V/s Commissioner of Central Excise Service Tax Raipur 2020 (12) TMI 912 - CESTAT NEW DELHI has held that It is therefore not possible to sustain the view taken by the Principal Commissioner that penalty amount forfeiture of earnest money deposit and liquidated damages have been received by the appellant towards consideration for tolerating an act leviable to service tax under Section 66E(e) of the Finance Act. Conclusion - i) The services related to transmission and distribution of electricity are naturally bundled in the ordinary course of business and are required to be treated as provision of the single service of transmission and distribution of electricity which gives the bundle its essential character. ii) Penalties and liquidated damages are safeguards to enforce contractual compliance and cannot be construed as taxable consideration for tolerating an act or situation under Section 66E(e). There are no reason to interfere with the impugned order and the same is sustained - The appeal filed by the Department is dismissed.

Summary

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered by the Tribunal are:

• Whether the late payment surcharge recovered by the electricity supplier from the consumer constitutes a taxable service under Section 66E(e) of the Finance Act, 1994, as an act of agreeing to tolerate delayed payment.
• Whether other charges such as meter rent and supervision charges collected by the electricity supplier are taxable services under the Finance Act.
• Whether the levy of service tax on these charges is barred by the negative list entry under Section 66D(k) exempting transmission or distribution of electricity.
• Whether these ancillary charges form part of a bundled service with the essential character of transmission and distribution of electricity, thus attracting exemption.
• Whether penalty or liquidated damages recovered by a party under a contract can be considered consideration for a taxable service under Section 66E(e).
• Whether penalty imposed on lease rent collected from consumers is sustainable.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue 1: Taxability of Late Payment Surcharge under Section 66E(e)

Relevant legal framework and precedents: Section 66E(e) of the Finance Act defines a declared service as "agreeing to tolerate an act or a situation or a right to do an act or a thing." Earlier Tribunal decisions, including those involving electricity distribution companies, have examined whether late payment surcharge falls within this definition.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal referred to multiple precedents where late payment surcharge was held not to be a consideration for tolerating a delayed payment. The South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. decision emphasized that penalty or liquidated damages are safeguards to enforce contract compliance and not consideration for tolerating default. The intention behind penalty clauses is to prevent breach, not to provide a service.

Key evidence and findings: The appellant recovers late payment surcharge as per regulatory provisions (M.P. Electricity Regulatory Commission Regulations, 2009). The surcharge is linked to delayed payment of electricity bills by the consumer (UPPCL).

Application of law to facts: The Tribunal found that the late payment surcharge is not consideration for tolerating a delayed payment but a contractual penalty to encourage timely payment. Hence, it does not fall under taxable services defined by Section 66E(e).

Treatment of competing arguments: The Department argued that the surcharge is consideration for tolerating delayed payment, thus taxable. The appellant argued the surcharge is part of the bundled electricity supply service exempt under the negative list. The Tribunal sided with the appellant based on precedents and the nature of the surcharge.

Conclusion: The late payment surcharge is not taxable as a declared service under Section 66E(e).

Issue 2: Taxability of Meter Rent and Supervision Charges

Relevant legal framework and precedents: Meter rent was earlier classified under declared services (Section 66E(f)) as hiring of goods. Supervision charges are taxable as services under Section 66B(44). However, transmission and distribution of electricity is exempt under the negative list entry Section 66D(k).

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal relied on the Gujarat High Court decision which held that ancillary services related to transmission and distribution of electricity are bundled services under Section 66F(3) and share the essential character of the main service, which is exempt. The Government of India's circular clarified that meter rent is an essential activity closely connected to electricity supply and exempt.

Key evidence and findings: The charges were levied as per statutory regulations and are mandatory services required to be provided to consumers.

Application of law to facts: Since these charges are integral and naturally bundled with the exempted service of transmission and distribution of electricity, they too are exempt from service tax.

Treatment of competing arguments: The Department contended these charges are separate taxable services. The appellant asserted they form part of a single bundled exempt service. The Tribunal accepted the latter view, supported by statutory provisions and judicial precedents.

Conclusion: Meter rent and supervision charges are exempt from service tax as they form part of the bundled service of transmission and distribution of electricity.

Issue 3: Applicability of Negative List Exemption under Section 66D(k)

Relevant legal framework and precedents: Section 66D(k) exempts "transmission or distribution of electricity by an electricity transmission or distribution utility" from service tax. The negative list regime is intended to exempt such core services from taxation.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal emphasized that the essential character of the service bundle is transmission and distribution of electricity. Ancillary services which are naturally bundled with this main service are covered by the exemption.

Key evidence and findings: The charges in dispute arise from regulatory mandates and are essential to the electricity supply process.

Application of law to facts: The Tribunal held that since the core service is exempt, ancillary charges cannot be taxed separately.

Treatment of competing arguments: The Department sought to segregate charges as separate taxable services. The appellant relied on the bundled service doctrine and negative list exemption. The Tribunal accepted the appellant's submission.

Conclusion: The negative list exemption applies to the entire bundled service including ancillary charges.

Issue 4: Taxability of Penalty on Lease Rent

Relevant legal framework and precedents: Penalties are generally not consideration for taxable services unless they are specifically for tolerating an act under Section 66E(e). The appellant had paid service tax on lease rent but disputed the penalty levied.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal found that since the lease rent service tax was paid, penalty levied for non-compliance or delay is sustainable and cannot be set aside merely because tax was paid on the principal amount.

Key evidence and findings: The penalty was imposed on the lease rent amount collected from consumers.

Application of law to facts: The Tribunal confirmed the penalty as valid.

Treatment of competing arguments: The appellant requested waiver of penalty, but the Tribunal rejected this.

Conclusion: Penalty on lease rent is confirmed.

Issue 5: Taxability of Penalties, Liquidated Damages, and Forfeitures under Section 66E(e)

Relevant legal framework and precedents: The South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. decision clarified that penalties and liquidated damages are not consideration for a service but safeguards to enforce contractual obligations and prevent breach.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal noted that penalties do not arise from an agreement to tolerate an act but are imposed to ensure compliance. Therefore, they are not taxable services.

Key evidence and findings: The contracts did not impose any obligation on the appellant to tolerate any act or situation in exchange for penalty payments.

Application of law to facts: Penalties recovered cannot be treated as taxable consideration under Section 66E(e).

Treatment of competing arguments: The Department's view that penalty amounts are consideration for tolerating acts was rejected.

Conclusion: Penalties, liquidated damages, and forfeitures are not taxable services under Section 66E(e).

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

"The services related to transmission and distribution of electricity are naturally bundled in the ordinary course of business and are required to be treated as provision of the single service of transmission and distribution of electricity which gives the bundle its essential character."

"The late payment surcharge is not consideration for tolerating delayed payment but a contractual penalty to encourage timely payment and hence does not fall under taxable services defined by Section 66E(e)."

"Penalties and liquidated damages are safeguards to enforce contractual compliance and cannot be construed as taxable consideration for tolerating an act or situation under Section 66E(e)."

"The negative list exemption under Section 66D(k) extends to ancillary services which are bundled with transmission and distribution of electricity, thereby exempting meter rent, supervision charges, and late payment surcharge from service tax."

"Penalty levied on lease rent collected is sustainable notwithstanding payment of service tax on the principal amount."

The Tribunal dismissed the Department's appeal and upheld the exemption of late payment surcharge, meter rent, and supervision charges from service tax, while confirming penalty on lease rent.