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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the unclaimed dividends deposited in the Companies Liquidation Account can be considered assets of the company post-reconstruction. 2. Whether the company is entitled to claim the unclaimed dividends as its assets under Section 555(7)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Whether the unclaimed dividends deposited in the Companies Liquidation Account can be considered assets of the company post-reconstruction: The company in question was ordered to be wound up, and during the liquidation process, all liabilities to creditors were discharged. Dividends were declared and paid to shareholders, but some amounts remained unclaimed. These unclaimed dividends were deposited in the Companies Liquidation Account as per Section 555 of the Companies Act, 1956. The court examined whether these unclaimed dividends could be treated as assets of the company after its reconstruction under Section 391 of the Act. Section 555(1) mandates that unclaimed dividends and undistributed assets be deposited into the Companies Liquidation Account. Sub-section (7) allows any person entitled to these funds to apply to the court or the Central Government for payment. The judgment clarified that these unclaimed amounts belong to the shareholders (contributories) and not the company. The unclaimed dividends do not regain the character of company assets merely because the company was reconstructed. The court emphasized that the legislative intent behind Section 555 is to protect the rights of the contributories, ensuring that the unclaimed amounts remain available for them to claim in the future. 2. Whether the company is entitled to claim the unclaimed dividends as its assets under Section 555(7)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956: The company filed an application under Section 555(7)(a) to claim the unclaimed dividends as undistributed assets. The company judge rejected this application, holding that the amounts in question belong to the shareholders and not the company. The court reiterated that the unclaimed dividends are vested in the contributories and not the company. The provisions of Section 555 clearly indicate that only the contributories are entitled to claim these amounts. The company cannot claim these funds as its assets, as doing so would contravene the statutory provisions designed to safeguard the contributories' interests. The court also referred to a decision by the Madras High Court in Union of India v. Hindu Bank Karur Ltd., which discussed the nature of unclaimed dividends. However, the court distinguished the present case, stating that the observations in the Madras case were made in the context of preferential claims of the Income-tax Department and were not applicable here. The judgment concluded that the company's application under Section 555(7) was misconceived and not maintainable in law. The appeal was dismissed, and the court upheld the company judge's decision that the unclaimed dividends remain the property of the contributories and not the company. Conclusion: The court held that the unclaimed dividends deposited in the Companies Liquidation Account do not become assets of the company post-reconstruction. The company is not entitled to claim these amounts as its assets under Section 555(7)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956. The appeal was dismissed, affirming that the unclaimed dividends belong to the contributories and must be dealt with as per the statutory provisions of Section 555.
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