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Issues:
Interpretation of deduction for finance charges under section 36(1)(iii) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: The case involved a private limited company claiming deduction for finance charges payable to a trust for the assessment year 1978-79. The company had received a loan from the trust and agreed to pay finance charges calculated at a specific rate. The Income-tax Officer disallowed part of the finance charges, considering them as extra commercial payments rather than interest. The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) reversed this decision, which was upheld by the Tribunal. However, the High Court in a previous case had held that the Income-tax Officer could disallow portions of finance charges not genuinely considered as interest. In the present case, the company modified the agreement to limit finance charges to 15% of the outstanding loan amount. The Income-tax Officer restricted the deduction based on past allowances, but the Tribunal disagreed, stating that the trust was entitled to interest on the outstanding amount. The High Court upheld the Tribunal's decision, emphasizing that disallowances in past assessments did not negate the company's obligation to pay the trust, and the finance charges should be calculated on the outstanding loan with accrued finance charges. The High Court's analysis focused on the limited controversy of the restricted finance charges rate post-agreement modification. It clarified that past disallowances did not eliminate the company's liability to pay the trust, and the trust was entitled to interest on the outstanding amount. The Court upheld the Tribunal's decision, emphasizing that the finance charges should be calculated on the outstanding loan with accrued finance charges, leading to a favorable judgment for the assessee.
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