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Issues:
Challenge to notices issued under section 148 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 for reopening assessment for the assessment years 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91, and 1991-92. Analysis: The petitioner contested the notices issued under section 148, arguing that after the expiry of four years from the end of the relevant assessment year, recourse to section 147 for reassessment could not have been taken. The initiation of proceedings and assumption of jurisdiction by the Assessing Officer were deemed unauthorized. The reasons for initiating proceedings under section 147 were related to excise duty refunds not shown as income. However, the petitioner had received the refund due to appellate orders, with further appeals pending before the Supreme Court. The law stipulates that the refund can only be taxed upon final determination, not at an interim stage during pending appeals. The court's previous rulings emphasized that the ultimate cessation of liability determines taxability, not the interim receipt of refunds during ongoing disputes. The Supreme Court validated these interpretations, emphasizing that the assessee must have obtained a benefit from remission or cessation to trigger tax liability. The court found that the proviso to section 147 limited the Assessing Officer's power to take action after four years from the end of the relevant assessment year unless income had escaped assessment due to the assessee's failure to disclose material facts. In this case, the receipt of excise duty refunds had been disclosed during the assessment years in question, and the material facts were adequately presented. The court clarified that the actual receipt of the amount, not just the right to receive it, determines tax liability under section 41(1). The initiation of action under section 147 in this case was deemed improper as the primary facts were disclosed, and no failure to disclose material facts was established. The court noted that a significant portion of the refunds claimed by the assessee had been overturned in appeals, indicating that no actual benefit had been obtained. Consequently, the court quashed the notices related to the assessment years in question, ruling in favor of the petitioner. In conclusion, the court upheld the petitioner's challenge to the notices issued under section 148, quashing them for the assessment years 1988-89 to 1991-92. The court found that the initiation of proceedings lacked legal authority and that the petitioner had adequately disclosed all material facts. The ruling emphasized the importance of actual benefit obtained for tax liability and clarified the limitations on reassessment powers under the Income-tax Act.
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