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Issues Involved:
1. Contempt of Court by Government Officials 2. Validity of Notings in Government Files as Basis for Contempt 3. Confidentiality and Privilege of State Documents Summary: 1. Contempt of Court by Government Officials: The Supreme Court addressed appeals against a Patna High Court judgment convicting several Bihar State officials for contempt of court. The officials were fined Rs. 50 each, with a default penalty of two weeks' simple imprisonment. The High Court's contempt ruling stemmed from the officials' failure to terminate the ad hoc appointment of Subh Chandra Jha as Public Relations Officer (P.R.O.) by the stipulated date, despite the court's explicit direction to do so. The High Court found that the officials had disregarded its order, as Jha continued in his position beyond the six-month period. 2. Validity of Notings in Government Files as Basis for Contempt: The Supreme Court examined whether internal notings in government files could constitute contempt of court. The Court held that such notings, which are part of the internal decision-making process and not final orders, should not form the basis for contempt actions. The Court emphasized that these notings are meant for internal use and are privileged documents. It stated, "To find the officers guilty for expressing their independent opinion, even against orders of courts in deserving cases, would cause impediments in the smooth working and functioning of the Government." 3. Confidentiality and Privilege of State Documents: The Court discussed the confidentiality and privilege associated with state documents, noting that internal communications within government departments are protected. It cited Article 166 of the Constitution, which governs the conduct of government business, and emphasized that notings in files do not constitute official orders unless they are expressed in the name of the Governor and communicated accordingly. The Court referenced the case of Bachhittar Singh v. The State of Punjab, highlighting that notings by officers or even ministers do not amount to official orders unless they comply with Article 166. Conclusion: The Supreme Court allowed the appeals, discharging the contempt orders passed by the High Court. The Court underscored the importance of maintaining the confidentiality and privilege of internal government documents and the need for mutual respect among various wings of administration. The Court concluded that the internal notings in government files should not be used as the sole basis for contempt actions, as this would impair the independent functioning of the civil service. The appeals were allowed with the Court noting the regret and apology tendered by the appellants.
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