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Issues Involved:
1. Reduction of retirement age from 58 to 55 years. 2. Violation of Articles 14, 16, 21, and 300A of the Constitution. 3. Arbitrary exercise of power by the Government. 4. Non-application of mind by the Government. 5. Impact on promotional opportunities and employment. 6. Validity of retrospective deletion of the proviso to Rule 2 of the Fundamental Rules. 7. Challenge based on mala fides. Summary: 1. Reduction of Retirement Age from 58 to 55 years: The Government of Andhra Pradesh issued an order on February 8, 1983, reducing the retirement age of all Government employees (except those in the Last Grade Service) from 58 to 55 years. This decision was justified by the Chief Minister on the grounds of providing greater employment opportunities to the youth. Over 18,000 Government employees and 10,000 public sector employees were superannuated as a result. 2. Violation of Articles 14, 16, 21, and 300A of the Constitution: The petitioners argued that the reduction in the retirement age violated Articles 14, 16, 21, and 300A of the Constitution. They contended that there was no basis for reducing the age of retirement and that it was arbitrary and unreasonable. The Government countered that the decision was a matter of policy and did not violate any constitutional provisions. 3. Arbitrary Exercise of Power by the Government: The petitioners claimed that the Government exercised its power arbitrarily without considering relevant factors. They argued that the decision was taken without any scientific investigation or compilation of relevant data. The Court held that the speed with which the decision was taken did not invalidate it on the ground of arbitrariness. 4. Non-application of Mind by the Government: The petitioners contended that the decision was taken without proper consideration of relevant factors, such as increased longevity and the prevailing age of retirement in public sector undertakings. The Court held that the question of the age of retirement should be examined with more than ordinary care, but the reduction from 58 to 55 was not arbitrary or irrational. 5. Impact on Promotional Opportunities and Employment: The petitioners argued that the reduction in the retirement age would not significantly improve employment opportunities for the youth. The Court noted that the creation of new avenues of employment for the youth is an integral part of any policy governing the fixation of retirement age and upheld the Government's decision. 6. Validity of Retrospective Deletion of the Proviso to Rule 2 of the Fundamental Rules: The petitioners challenged the retrospective deletion of the proviso to Rule 2 of the Fundamental Rules as arbitrary. The Court held that the amendment made to the Fundamental Rules was a valid exercise of legislative power and that the power to amend these rules carries with it the power to amend them retrospectively. 7. Challenge Based on Mala Fides: The petitioners suggested that the Government's decision was motivated by an ulterior motive to get rid of senior members of Government service. The Court rejected this argument, stating that the burden to establish mala fides is a heavy one and there was no adequate proof in this case. Conclusion: The Supreme Court dismissed the writ petitions, holding that the reduction of the retirement age from 58 to 55 was neither arbitrary nor unreasonable and did not violate any constitutional provisions. The Court emphasized the importance of considering the question of the age of retirement with great objectivity and based on empirical data.
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