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Issues Involved:
1. Environmental Impact 2. Government Decision-Making Process 3. Legal Ownership and Authority 4. Financial and Commercial Considerations 5. Public Interest Litigation Parameters Summary: Environmental Impact: The court highlighted the profound statement on the environment made by the Indian Chief of Seattle, emphasizing the sacredness of land and the interconnectedness of all life. The court acknowledged the extensive interaction between society and nature, noting the environmental deterioration caused by industrialization, urbanization, and overexploitation of resources. The main issue was whether the Government of West Bengal's decision to allot land for a Five Star Hotel at the expense of the zoological garden warranted interference. The court held that if the government considered relevant environmental factors and arrived at a conscious decision, it might not be for the court to interfere in the absence of mala fides. Government Decision-Making Process: The court examined whether the government had shown a lack of awareness of environmental issues in making the allotment. The court noted that the decision was taken after thorough consideration and consultations, including visits by the Chief Minister and other officials. The court found that the government had taken into account the need for more Five Star Hotels to promote tourism and had made provisions to relocate the zoo facilities affected by the allotment. Legal Ownership and Authority: The appellants argued that the land was statutorily vested in the Managing Committee of the Zoological Garden and could not be divested by an executive decision. The court referred to the original grant terms, which allowed the government to reclaim the land if required. The Bengal Public Parks Act, 1904, aimed at protecting parks and gardens, did not affect the government's power to transfer the land. Financial and Commercial Considerations: The appellants contended that the terms of the lease were detrimental to public revenue. The court held that the 'nett sales' method of calculating compensation was a well-known method and was recommended by WEBCON and the Committee of Secretaries. The court found that the financial interests of the state were not sacrificed and that the method adopted was in the best interests of the government. Public Interest Litigation Parameters: The court emphasized the need for restraint in public interest litigation, noting that such cases should only be entertained when there are gross violations of fundamental rights or acts that shock the judicial conscience. The court observed that the litigation had caused delays and questioned whether the appellants had achieved anything substantial. The court affirmed the judgments of the learned single judge and the Division Bench of the Calcutta High Court, dismissing the appeal. Conclusion: The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal, holding that the Government of West Bengal acted bona fide in granting the lease of the Begumbari land to the Taj Group of Hotels. The government did not fail to consider relevant factors, and the financial interests of the state were not compromised. The court also highlighted the importance of self-imposed restraint in public interest litigation to prevent the judicial system from being overwhelmed by such cases.
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