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Issues Involved:
1. Justification for imposing a penalty under section 16 of the Excess Profits Tax Act. 2. Justification for imposing a penalty under section 28(1)(b) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. Detailed Analysis: 1. Justification for imposing a penalty under section 16 of the Excess Profits Tax Act: The assessee firm, engaged in the business of yarn, food-grains, and groundnut oil, failed to produce accounts on the final hearing date set by the Income-tax Officer (ITO). Despite a telegram requesting an adjournment due to the illness of the head clerk, the ITO did not grant the adjournment and completed the assessment under section 23(4) of the Income-tax Act. Consequently, penalties were imposed under section 16 of the Excess Profits Tax Act. The ITO, Appellate Assistant Commissioner, and the Tribunal found no reasonable cause for the assessee's non-compliance. The penalties were initially set at Rs. 25,000 by the ITO, reduced to Rs. 10,000 by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner, and further reduced to Rs. 4,000 by the Tribunal. The Tribunal's order emphasized that while there was a default in not producing the accounts on a specific date, there was no indication that the assessee withheld any books of account or evidence on prior occasions. However, the Tribunal did not address whether the default was wilful or without reasonable cause, focusing instead on the quantum of penalties. The High Court, referencing its previous decision in R.C. No. 9 of 1955, concluded that the failure to comply with the ITO's order was without reasonable cause. The Court reiterated that the term "reasonable cause" should be interpreted based on the circumstances known to the actor at the time. The Court found that the assessee's conduct suggested a lack of bona fides and upheld the imposition of the penalty. 2. Justification for imposing a penalty under section 28(1)(b) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922: The assessee's failure to comply with statutory notices under sections 23(2) and 22(4) of the Income-tax Act led the ITO to issue penalty notices under section 28(1)(b). The ITO, after examining the evidence, including oral testimonies from a partner and a clerk, concluded that there was no reasonable cause for the non-compliance. Consequently, a penalty of Rs. 7,500 was imposed, later reduced to Rs. 2,000 by the Tribunal. The High Court referred to the principle that findings in one proceeding do not bind other proceedings, especially in penalty cases, which are criminal in nature. The Court noted that the ITO's refusal to grant an adjournment was justified and that the assessee's repeated requests for adjournments indicated a lack of bona fides. The High Court emphasized that the term "reasonable cause" should be understood based on the circumstances known to the actor at the time. The Court found that the assessee's failure to produce the accounts was without reasonable cause, aligning with its prior decision in R.C. No. 9 of 1955. The Court rejected the assessee's argument that "reasonable cause" and "sufficient cause" were distinct, concluding that the failure to comply with the notices was without reasonable cause. The Court upheld the penalties imposed, noting that the Tribunal should have addressed the question of reasonable cause but failed to do so. Conclusion: The High Court answered both questions in the affirmative, supporting the imposition of penalties under section 16 of the Excess Profits Tax Act and section 28(1)(b) of the Indian Income-tax Act. The Court awarded costs to the Department, with an advocate's fee of Rs. 250.
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