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Interpretation of Wealth-tax Act - Deductibility of outstanding tax liability as debt in net wealth computation. Analysis: The case involved the interpretation of the Wealth-tax Act regarding the deductibility of outstanding tax liability as a debt in the computation of net wealth for assessment years 1958-59 and 1959-60. The assessee had entered into a settlement with the Central Board of Revenue to pay a reduced amount of Rs. 6.50 lakhs in instalments, which was accepted in April 1957. The dispute arose when the Wealth-tax Officer refused to treat the outstanding liability from this settlement as a debt owed by the assessee on the valuation dates. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner upheld the officer's decision, but the Tribunal ruled in favor of the assessee, allowing the deduction of Rs. 3.75 lakhs and Rs. 2.25 lakhs for the respective years based on the settlement terms. The key contention was whether the settled amount represented a new liability or merely a reduction of the existing liability. The department argued that since the total liability had been outstanding for several years, no deduction should be allowed. However, the Tribunal held that a debt was owed on the valuation dates and that the settlement created a new liability, making the amounts deductible as debts owed under the Wealth-tax Act. The court analyzed the provisions of the Wealth-tax Act, emphasizing that the definition of net wealth includes the aggregate value of assets minus debts owed by the assessee. Exceptions to deductible debts were outlined, including tax liabilities outstanding for over 12 months. The court highlighted that the settlement amount was a debt owed at the time of the agreement, even though payment was scheduled in instalments, as per the terms accepted by both parties. Referring to precedents, the court established that for a debt to exist, it must be an ascertained amount with a present liability to pay, which was the case with the settled amount owed by the assessee. The court rejected the department's argument that the settlement amount was an old liability, stating that it was a new claim arising from the agreement and not subject to the provisions of the Income-tax Act for recovery. Ultimately, the court upheld the Tribunal's decision, ruling that the settlement amounts of Rs. 3.75 lakhs and Rs. 2.25 lakhs were deductible as debts owed on the respective valuation dates. The court concluded that the settlement created a new debt, distinct from the old income-tax arrears, and was not covered under the Act's provisions for recovery. The assessee was awarded costs, and the question was answered in favor of the assessee.
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