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Validity of penalty order under section 140A(3) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: The case involved a dispute regarding the validity of a penalty order under section 140A(3) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The assessee had filed its return of income for the assessment year 1972-73 but did not pay the self-assessment taxes as per the return. The Inspecting Assistant Commissioner initiated penalty proceedings against the assessee for non-payment of self-assessed tax, leading to a penalty of Rs. 28,000 being levied. However, the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) later cancelled the penalty, a decision upheld by the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal. The basis for cancelling the penalty was the belief that section 140A(3) was non-existent due to a judgment by the High Court of Madras declaring it unconstitutional. The conflict arose from differing opinions of different High Courts on the validity of section 140A(3). While the High Court of Madras had declared it unconstitutional in a previous case, the High Court of Andhra Pradesh had upheld its validity. The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) and the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal erroneously assumed that the Madras judgment was the only one on the subject, ignoring the Andhra Pradesh judgment. It was noted that no writ petition challenging the validity of section 140A(3) had been filed by the assessee. Subsequently, it was highlighted that several High Courts had since ruled in favor of the validity of section 140A(3). In light of the conflicting judgments and the precedent set by a previous case, the High Court answered the question in the negative, favoring the Revenue. The court referred to a previous judgment where various High Courts had upheld the validity of section 140A(3) and applied the same reasoning in this case. Therefore, the penalty order under section 140A(3) was deemed valid, and the decision was made in favor of the Revenue.
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