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Issues:
1. Misreading of evidence leading to a wrongful conviction. 2. Interpretation of Article 134(1) (c) of the Constitution. 3. Application of judicial discretion in granting certificates for appeal. 4. Authority of the Supreme Court in hearing cases under Article 135(1) for special leave. 5. Justification of convictions under section 149 of the Indian Penal Code. 6. Sentencing in cases involving violent attacks and looting. Analysis: 1. The judgment involves a case where a misreading of evidence resulted in a wrongful conviction. The High Court mistakenly convicted Nanhu Singh instead of Bechan Singh due to a mix-up. Upon realizing the error, the State Government remitted Nanhu Singh's sentence, leading to an application under Article 134(1) (c) of the Constitution by Nanhu Singh and the two appellants, seeking a certificate for appeal. 2. The interpretation of Article 134(1) (c) was crucial in this case. The High Court granted a certificate for Nanhu Singh, considering the potential adverse impact of a standing conviction despite the remission of his sentence. However, the High Court mistakenly believed it was obligated to issue certificates for all appellants based on a collective appeal, which the Supreme Court deemed incorrect. 3. The application of judicial discretion in granting certificates for appeal was a significant aspect of the judgment. The Supreme Court emphasized that the discretion vested in the High Court must be judicially exercised following established principles. In this case, the High Court misdirected itself about the law and failed to properly exercise its discretion, leading to the wrongful grant of certificates to the appellants. 4. The Supreme Court clarified its authority in hearing cases under Article 135(1) for special leave. Despite the certificates granted erroneously under Article 134(1) (c), the Court treated the case as one under Article 135(1) for special leave, emphasizing that it was not a proper case for special leave based on the facts and evidence presented. 5. The judgment also addressed the justification of convictions under section 149 of the Indian Penal Code. The Court upheld the convictions of the two appellants based on clear evidence and eyewitness testimonies, affirming the use of section 149 IPC in justifying the convictions. 6. Lastly, the sentencing aspect of the case was discussed, particularly in cases involving violent attacks and looting. The Court found no reason to interfere with the sentences imposed, considering the severity of the crimes committed, including murder and attempted murder, and the involvement of multiple assailants in the attack. In conclusion, the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal, upholding the convictions of the two appellants and affirming the sentences imposed in the case involving a violent attack, murder, and looting.
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