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Interpretation of provisions under section 139(8) and 154 of the Income-tax Act for levying interest. Analysis: The judgment of the High Court of Rajasthan involved a question regarding the levying of interest under section 139(8) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, by invoking the provisions of section 154. The case pertained to an assessment year where interest under section 139(8) was not charged initially, leading to proceedings under section 154/155 to rectify the apparent mistake. The Income-tax Officer contended that charging interest under section 139(8) is obligatory unless waived explicitly, and since no waiver order was issued, the non-charging of interest constituted a mistake apparent from the record. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal upheld this view, emphasizing the mandatory nature of the provision under section 139(8) and the discretionary power of the Income-tax Officer to waive interest under prescribed circumstances as per Rule 117A of the Income-tax Rules, 1962. The court analyzed the provisions of section 139(8) which mandate the charging of interest if the return is furnished after the specified date, with limited discretion to reduce or waive interest under prescribed circumstances. It was noted that the use of the term "shall be liable" in section 139(8) leaves no discretion with the assessing authority to not charge interest, except under specific conditions outlined in the proviso. The court highlighted that the power to reduce or waive interest is restricted to cases and circumstances as prescribed, emphasizing the need for the assessee to fulfill conditions for such waiver. Regarding the interpretation of section 154, the court emphasized that the mistake to be rectified must be manifest, not open to debate, or contrary to the provisions of the Act. It was clarified that if the Income-tax Officer has discretion to not charge interest, it could be considered as a conscious decision. However, in cases where there is no discretion or conditions for waiver are not met, the non-charging of interest is deemed a mistake apparent from the record. The court cited precedent cases to support the view that the Income-tax Officer cannot waive or reduce interest without an application from the assessee as per rule 117A. Ultimately, the High Court upheld the decision of the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, ruling that interest under section 139(8) could be levied by invoking the provisions of section 154, even if not initially charged in the assessment under section 143(1). The judgment favored the Revenue, emphasizing the mandatory nature of interest provisions and the limited scope for waiver without fulfilling prescribed conditions.
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