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Issues:
1. Levy of excise duty on bottling wastage. 2. Interpretation of Section 28 and Section 29 of the U.P. Excise Act. 3. Validity of duty notifications and departmental practices. 4. Imposition of excise duty through license clauses. Analysis: 1. The judgment addresses the issue of the levy of excise duty on bottling wastage by a Limited Company holding licenses for manufacturing Indian made foreign liquor and bottling Rum exclusively for Military Troops. The petitioner argued that the wastage occurs due to unavoidable causes like evaporation and spillage during the bottling process, while the State contended that wastage results from the negligence of the assessee. The court emphasized that the validity of the levy does not depend on the cause of wastage but on the application of excise duty laws. The court examined the provisions of the U.P. Excise Act and previous decisions to determine the point at which excise duty becomes payable. 2. The judgment delves into the interpretation of Section 28 and Section 29 of the U.P. Excise Act to ascertain the stage at which excise duty is chargeable. It references the case of Mohan Meakin Breweries Ltd. v. State of U.P. to establish that excise duty is essentially a single point duty and is imposed on the production or manufacture of an excisable article. The court concluded that duty is chargeable at the point of issue, not at the stage of manufacture, based on the Act's provisions, duty notifications, and departmental practices. The court rejected the argument that excise duty was leviable at the stage of manufacture, emphasizing the linkage of duty rates to the date of issue for sale. 3. The judgment scrutinizes the validity of duty notifications and departmental practices in determining the point of excise duty imposition. It highlights various notifications issued by the State Government, indicating that duty is chargeable only at the point of issue and varies based on the destination of the liquor. The court emphasized that duty rates are fixed concerning the place where the articles are sent, reinforcing the conclusion that duty is to be charged only at the point of issue, not at the stage of manufacture. 4. The judgment also evaluates the imposition of excise duty through license clauses, specifically addressing a clause in the bottling license regarding the recovery of spirit wastages at the full rate of duty. The court clarified that a tax can only be imposed by statute, not by a license clause, unless authorized by the statute. The court emphasized that duty is to be charged only at the point of issue as per Section 28 and Section 29 of the Act and duty notifications, rendering the license clause ineffective in imposing excise duty. In conclusion, the judgment allows the petitions and special appeal, quashing the demand for excise duty on bottling wastage and restraining the respondents from realizing or adjusting the impugned demand. The court's decision is based on the interpretation of the U.P. Excise Act provisions, duty notifications, and departmental practices, affirming that excise duty is chargeable at the point of issue, not at the stage of manufacture.
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