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Interpretation of loss on revaluation of machinery not installed or put to use in computing commercial profit. Analysis: The judgment concerns a reference under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, regarding the entitlement of an assessee to claim a loss of Rs. 2,42,624 on account of a fall in the value of machinery purchased but not installed or put to use. The assessee contended that since the machinery was never installed and was treated as current assets in the accounts, the loss should be allowed as a revenue loss. The Income-tax Officer and Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) disallowed the claim, but the Tribunal reversed their findings, stating that the fall in value can be considered for accounting purposes as the machinery was treated as stores until installation. The High Court, however, disagreed with this interpretation. The High Court emphasized that the machinery, though not installed, remained a capital asset as it was purchased for installation in the factories and was not intended for trading purposes. The description of the machinery as "stores" in the accounts did not alter its character as a capital asset. The court clarified that the entries in the books of account or the description given to an asset are not conclusive in determining its nature. The machinery, being part of the capital assets, could not be revalued at the end of the year to deduct any fall in its value from profits, as such loss is of a capital nature and cannot be claimed as a deduction under section 37 of the Act. The court rejected the reliance on previous decisions allowing revenue expenditure deductions, stating that those cases did not apply to the current scenario involving capital loss. It held that even under commercial or accounting principles, a capital loss cannot be deducted from taxable income. Consequently, the court concluded that the assessee was not entitled to claim the deduction arising from the revaluation of machinery not installed or put to use in computing commercial or accounting profit for the relevant assessment year. The judgment favored the Revenue and rejected the assessee's claim. In conclusion, the High Court's judgment clarifies that the treatment of assets in accounts does not alter their fundamental nature as capital assets. It establishes that capital losses, such as the fall in the value of machinery not installed, cannot be deducted from profits for tax purposes, emphasizing the distinction between revenue and capital expenditures. The decision provides clarity on the treatment of uninstalled machinery and sets a precedent for similar cases involving the revaluation of capital assets.
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