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Issues involved:
The issue involves determining whether the cost of replacing petrol engines of trucks with diesel engines constitutes revenue expenditure or capital expenditure for the assessment year 1977-78. Judgment Summary: The High Court of Calcutta addressed the question of law referred to them by the Commissioner of Income-tax regarding the treatment of the cost of replacement of petrol engines of trucks by diesel engines. The Income-tax Officer disallowed the expenditure as capital expenditure, but the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) and the Tribunal held it to be revenue in nature, allowing the expenditure. The Revenue argued that the replacement of petrol engines with diesel engines should be considered capital expenditure due to the enduring benefit it provides. However, the assessee contended that the expenditure was akin to current repair and thus revenue in nature. The Court analyzed the purpose of the expenditure, emphasizing that the replacement did not create a new asset but rather maintained an existing one. Citing precedents, including decisions from the Gujarat High Court and the Bombay High Court, the Court highlighted that such replacements are typically considered revenue expenditure as they aim to preserve and maintain assets without creating new advantages. Referring to a Supreme Court case, the Court emphasized that expenditures related to the profit-earning process and integral to business operations are generally classified as revenue expenditure. In this case, the replacement of the petrol engine with a diesel engine was deemed essential for the operation of the trucks and the profit-earning activity of the assessee. Ultimately, the Court concluded that the replacement of a part of the truck with a diesel engine did not create a new asset or enduring benefit, making it eligible for treatment as revenue expenditure. Therefore, the Court ruled in favor of the assessee on the question referred to them. The judgment was delivered by Justice Ajit K. Sengupta, with agreement from Justice Bhagabati Prasad Banerjee.
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