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Interpretation of the second proviso to section 23(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding deduction for property used by a bank as raised in the assessment year 1982-83. Analysis: The case involved a dispute over the deduction claimed by the assessee under the second proviso to section 23(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 for the assessment year 1982-83. The Income-tax Officer rejected the claim as he deemed that the property was let out to a bank and not utilized for residential purposes. The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) upheld this decision. However, the Tribunal ruled in favor of the assessee, stating that the property was recognized as a residential unit by the Calcutta Corporation and directed the deduction to be allowed. The main contention revolved around the interpretation of the proviso to section 23(1) of the Act. The Revenue argued that the purpose of the proviso was to encourage the construction of residential units for actual residential use, not for commercial purposes. On the other hand, the assessee's counsel argued that as long as the construction is of a residential unit, its actual use for commercial purposes should not matter. The Tribunal considered various precedents and legislative provisions to reach its decision. The legislative history of the concession provided under the second proviso was examined to understand the intent behind its introduction. The amendments over the years aimed to encourage the construction of residential units, particularly for low and middle-income groups. The Tribunal emphasized the importance of the property being used as a residential unit to qualify for the deduction under the proviso. Precedents from different High Courts were cited to support both sides of the argument. The Kerala High Court emphasized the separate annual value requirement for a residential unit. The Madras High Court held that the deduction applies to residential units, not the entire building. The Andhra Pradesh High Court ruled that the concession is available as long as the units let out are residential, irrespective of the tenant's use. Ultimately, the Calcutta High Court held that the benefit under the second proviso to section 23(1) could only be availed if the building was actually used for residential purposes. The nature of the building's use, whether by the owner or tenant, determined the eligibility for the deduction. The Court clarified that a residential unit must be used as a residence to qualify for the concession, distinguishing between owner-occupied and tenant-occupied units. In conclusion, the Court ruled against the assessee, stating that the property let out to the bank was not constructed as a residential unit and therefore did not qualify for the deduction under the proviso. The judgment favored the Revenue, emphasizing the importance of actual residential use for claiming the deduction. The judgment was delivered by Judges Bhagabati Prasad Banerjee and Ajit Kumar Sengupta of the High Court of Calcutta.
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