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Assessment of income based on undisclosed sources, imposition of penalty under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, interpretation of the Explanation to section 271(1)(c), validity of penalty cancellation. Analysis: The judgment by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana involved an assessment of income for the year 1970-71 by the assessing authority, where the income initially reported by the assessee was significantly lower than the amount determined by the authorities based on undisclosed sources. The Income-tax Officer added an amount to the income of the assessee from undisclosed sources due to unsatisfactory explanations provided by the assessee. The Tribunal subsequently reduced the assessed income to Rs. 94,760, a decision which was affirmed by the court. This aspect of the judgment establishes the initial discrepancy in the reported income and the subsequent adjustments made by the authorities. In addition to the assessment proceedings, penalty proceedings were initiated by the Income-tax Officer, resulting in the imposition of a penalty of Rs. 80,000 by the Inspecting Assistant Commissioner. The Tribunal, upon appeal, accepted the explanation provided by the assessee, leading to the reversal of the penalty order. The Revenue challenged this decision by moving an application under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act, raising questions regarding the application of the Explanation to section 271(1)(c) and the imposition of penalties. The Tribunal's decision to cancel the penalty was a focal point of contention between the parties. The court addressed three specific questions raised by the Revenue regarding the legality of the Tribunal's decision. The first two questions pertained to the invocation of the Explanation to section 271(1)(c) and the minimum penalty imposable under the provision. The court acknowledged the arguments presented by the learned counsel for the assessee, conceding that these questions should be answered in favor of the Revenue and against the assessee. Regarding the third question, the court analyzed the Tribunal's decision to cancel the penalty of Rs. 80,000. The Revenue contended that the Tribunal's reliance on a previous case had been overturned, thus challenging the validity of the penalty cancellation. However, the court upheld the Tribunal's decision, emphasizing that the Tribunal's acceptance of the assessee's explanation, supported by evidence of account books, constituted a finding of fact that precluded the imposition of a penalty. The court clarified that once the explanation provided by the assessee was accepted, the burden placed on the assessee by the Explanation to explain concealed income was discharged. Consequently, the court ruled in favor of the assessee on this issue, affirming the cancellation of the penalty.
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