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Interpretation of section 187(2) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 in a case involving the dissolution of a partnership firm due to the death of a partner and the subsequent formation of a new partnership entity. Analysis: The case involved a reference under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding the applicability of section 187(2) in a situation where a partner's death led to the dissolution of a partnership firm. The Income-tax Appellate Tribunal initially held that separate assessments should be made on the two firms for the assessment year 1969-70, as a new firm came into existence after the death of a partner and the dissolution of the earlier firm. The dispute arose when the Department contended that section 187(2) should result in only one assessment due to the change in partnership composition. The Tribunal, however, found that the firm was automatically dissolved by law upon the death of a partner, leading to the creation of a new entity. This decision was challenged, leading to the reference to the High Court. The High Court considered various precedents and interpretations of the law. The Department relied on the Punjab High Court's view that the Income Tax Act provisions override those of the Partnership Act, thus supporting a single assessment. In contrast, the assessee cited decisions from different High Courts, including Allahabad and Madras, emphasizing the need for separate assessments in cases of firm dissolution and reconstitution. After thorough consideration, the High Court concurred with the view that upon the death of a partner, the firm dissolved automatically as per the Partnership Act. A new partnership emerged, necessitating separate assessments for the two distinct entities. The Court aligned with the interpretations of the Delhi, Allahabad, Madras, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat High Courts, dissenting from the Punjab & Haryana High Court's stance. In conclusion, the High Court ruled that section 187(2) of the Income-tax Act was not applicable in the case at hand, affirming the necessity of two separate assessments for the distinct firms resulting from the dissolution and reconstitution triggered by the partner's death. This detailed analysis highlights the nuanced legal interpretation surrounding the dissolution of a partnership firm and the implications for tax assessments under the Income-tax Act, 1961, emphasizing the importance of legal precedents and statutory provisions in resolving such disputes.
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