2002 (10) TMI 802 - SC - Indian Laws

Summary

Issues Involved:

1. Constitutional validity of Sections 2 and 3 of the Andhra Pradesh Educational Service Untrained Teachers (Regulation of Services and Fixation of Pay) Act, 1991.
2. Retrospective application of the Act and its impact on vested rights.
3. The legality of recovery of amounts already paid under previous orders.
4. Entitlement to benefits under the automatic advancement scheme.
5. Validity of reclassification of supernumerary posts.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Constitutional Validity of Sections 2 and 3 of the Act:

The appeals challenge the constitutional validity of Sections 2 and 3 of the Andhra Pradesh Educational Service Untrained Teachers (Regulation of Services and Fixation of Pay) Act, 1991. The Tribunal's majority opinion upheld the Act, while the Chairman dissented, finding certain sections unconstitutional. The Supreme Court examined whether the Act violated Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution by depriving the appellants of vested rights and whether it encroached upon the judicial sphere by nullifying judicial orders.

2. Retrospective Application of the Act:

The Act was brought into force retrospectively from February 10, 1967. Section 2 of the Act aimed to regulate the pay of untrained graduate teachers appointed in Telangana and deprived them of benefits accrued from previous judicial orders. Section 3 sought to reclassify supernumerary posts and recover excess amounts paid. The Supreme Court found that the retrospective application of the Act unjustly deprived the appellants of vested rights, which were acquired under lawful orders and judicial decisions. The Court held that the retrospective application was arbitrary, unreasonable, and expropriatory, thus violating Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution.

3. Recovery of Amounts Already Paid:

Section 3(a) of the Act mandated the recovery of excess amounts paid to teachers under previous orders. The Supreme Court struck down this provision, stating that the recovery of amounts already paid under lawful orders was unreasonable and violated the appellants' vested rights. The Court emphasized that the legislature could not retrospectively nullify lawful benefits and require repayment.

4. Entitlement to Benefits under the Automatic Advancement Scheme:

The appellants claimed benefits under the automatic advancement scheme formulated in G.O.Ms. No. 164, Finance and Planning Department, dated June 1, 1982. The Supreme Court held that merely holding a higher post temporarily did not entitle the appellants to claim benefits under the scheme. The appellants had to meet the specific conditions stipulated in the scheme to be eligible for its benefits.

5. Validity of Reclassification of Supernumerary Posts:

Section 3 of the Act reclassified supernumerary posts created in the B.Ed. grade to secondary grade posts with a lower pay scale. The Supreme Court found that this retrospective reclassification was invalid as it nullified lawful rights acquired during the past period. The Court held that such reclassification could only apply prospectively and not retroactively.

Conclusion:

The Supreme Court partly allowed the appeals, striking down the retrospective application of Sections 2 and 3(a) of the Act as unconstitutional. The Court upheld the prospective application of these provisions but invalidated the recovery of amounts already paid and the retrospective reclassification of posts. The Court clarified that the appellants were not entitled to benefits under the automatic advancement scheme unless they met the specific conditions stipulated therein. The judgment emphasized the protection of vested rights and the limits of legislative power in enacting retrospective laws.